其他摘要 | Life satisfaction enjoys a lot of attention by psychologists. We have already known that there are many factors influence life satisfaction. Some studies showed that empathy was an important factor of life satisfaction, which meant people who had a higher score on empathy reported higher life satisfaction than those with lower score. Other studies showed that forgiveness also had significant effect on life satisfaction, which meant people who were more willing to forgive interpersonal transgression would be more satisfied with their life. At the same time, many studies showed that empathy is an important predictor of forgiveness.In the present paper, we discuss whether empathy and forgiveness have effects on life satisfaction of urban residents. Further more, we discuss whether the relationship between empathy and life satisfaction was mediated by forgiveness.Former researchers focused on whether there were gender differences in empathy, forgiveness and life satisfaction, but they did not show the same conclusion. This research tries to explore whether there are gender differences in empathy, forgiveness and life satisfaction of Chinese urban residents. Furthermore, this study intends to find out whether gender plays moderating role in the relationship between empathy, forgiveness and life satisfaction supposing that empathy and forgiveness have effects on life satisfaction of urban residents and the relationship between empathy and life satisfaction is mediated by forgiveness. Details as follow:1. The research of gender differences in empathy, forgiveness and life satisfaction of Chinese urban residents.2. To explore the relationship between empathy, forgiveness and life satisfaction, and the mediating role of forgiveness between empathy, and life satisfaction.3. To explore the moderating role of gender between empathy, forgiveness and life satisfaction of urban residents.By multistage sampling, we assessed 3537 urban residents from many cities including Beijing, Fushun, Chongqing and Urumchi using Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), Trait Forgivingness Scale (TFS) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), using description analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis and multiple regression analysis, the results showed that:1. There were gender differences in perspective-taking, personal distress and fantasy dimension of empathy, and no gender difference in empathic-concern dimension. There was no gender difference in no-hate and forgiveness dimension. There are gender differences in life satisfaction,and females reported a higher score.2. Perspective-taking had significant main effect on life satisfaction, while personal distress had significant negative effect on life satisfaction. Fantasy and empathic-concern did not have any effect on life satisfaction.3. Forgiveness and no-hate had significant positive effect on life satisfaction. 4. The relationship between perspective-taking and life satisfaction was partially mediated by forgiveness and no-hate; the relationship between personal distress and life satisfaction was partially mediated by no-hate.5. Gender had significant moderating effect between no-hate and life satisfaction,and this kind of effect occurred in the mediating-model of empathy-no-hate-life satisfaction. That meant for females, the more they hated the less life satisfaction they would get, but for males, there is no significant effect between no-hate and life satisfaction, Conclusions and practical significance:1. The life satisfaction score of males was significantly lower than that of females. That means we should show more concern to men’s need and mental accommodation. 2. Perspective-taking and personal distress had different predicting effect on life satisfaction. Perspective-taking had significant positive effect on life satisfaction. That means if we try to treat problems in different ways, accept others point of view and focus on others’ need, we will live a more satisfied life. On the other hand, personal distress had significant negative effect on life satisfaction. That means immersing in self’s deep panic and anxiety will lower our life satisfaction. 3. Forgiveness and no-hate had significant positive effect on life satisfaction. Stop-hating and forgiving the offenders will lead to a more satisfied life. 4. The partially mediation effect of forgiveness and no-hate between perspective-taking and life satisfaction is significant. From this result we can say if we shift from self-focus to other-centered focus view between interpersonal communication,we will be more forgiving, and then we will feel more satisfied with our life. No-hate played an important partially mediating role in the relationship between personal distress and life satisfaction. Sinking into panic and anxiety will result in more hate, then will lead to less satisfied life.5. Gender had significant moderating effect on the relationship between no-hate and life satisfaction. That means especially for women, those who always hold grudges will feel less satisfied with their life. The more transgression they forget the more satisfied life they will get. Key words:Empathy; Forgiveness; Life Satisfaction; Gender |
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