健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

    本研究探讨II型糖尿病人记忆功能是否受到损伤及其损伤的特点。研究选取三个年龄段尚未出现并发症的II型糖尿病患者:中青年II型糖尿病人(30--59岁，平均年龄48. 6士9. 3岁)、低龄老年II型糖尿患者(60一70岁，平均年龄66. 3士2. 6岁)与高龄老年II型糖尿患者(71-85岁，平均年龄78. 9士4. 3 )控制相关疾病与教育等因素，分别与非糖尿病组被试进行对照。选取对年老化敏感和不敏感的四项记忆测试:无意义图形测试，数字符号测试，一位数、二位数减法心算测试和动作记忆测试。
    1, II型糖尿病人二位数减法心算记忆受到损伤，损伤只在60岁年龄段表现出来，支持认知阈限理论。
    2,中青年组和低龄老年组患者的数字符号测试与对照组相比表现出差异，但高龄老年组无差异。
    3,  II型糖尿病人动作记忆受到损伤。动作演练与语义关联双重编码支持条件下与对照组相比患者记忆损伤，但只在60岁年龄段表叹出来，支持认知闷限理论;无编码支持条件下记忆损伤，且在各年龄段均表现出来。线索回忆能有效弥补疾病带来的影响。
    根据研究结果得出以下结论:II型糖尿病人一记忆受到损伤，其损伤既有一般性，又有特异性，特异性损伤表现具有年龄效应，支持认知L}ij限理论。有关认知阈限与认知下降的年龄闪的区别需要在进一步的研究中加以考虑。

    There has been a controversy in the research of cognitive dysfunction in type II diabetes. One held that verbal learning and memory skills were disrupted in Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) while the other opposed to it. Recently, an age effect was identified on cognitive dysfunction in NIDDM, and some researchers brought forward threshold theory to explain it. This stiudy was designed to explore the memory function of NIDDM patients and test the threshold theory of cognitive impairment, a group of patoemts with Type 2 diabets and a group of controls were studied, each group included three subgroups: middle-aged subgroup, sexagenarian subgroup and very old group. The two groups were comparable for age and education, and did not have other medical disorders likely to affect cognitive function. Four neuropsychological experiments were conducted to the two groups, which included meaningless figures, digital  Symbol, action memory (enactment vs verbal condition), and mental arithmetic (one digit and two digit).
    Tlue results showed that:
    Both specific and general impairment were found on memory in patients with type  II  diabetes, and the specific impairment can be explained by the threshold theory of cognitive impairment. However, the difference between cognitive threshold and age threshold should be considered in further research.
    1)  Workirrg memory impaired
    Working memory dysfunction in patients with N1DDM showed an age effect. In the research, the mental arithmetic of two-digit showed difference, however, only in sexagenarian group, which support the threshold theory of cogitive impairment.
    2) Digitad symbol impaired
    Digital symbol of N1DDM displayed impairment in middle-aged group and sexagenarian groan.
    3) Action memory impaired
    Action memory was found both generally and specifically impaired.
    lmpairn2ent displayed under two conditions: well supported condition (well-integrated items  (Wl) with enactments),  which was identified only in sexagenarian group, and poor supported condition (poor-integrated items (PI) without enactment), which showed in all three groups. No difference was found in cue recall except for poor-integrated items (PI) without enactment in sexagenarian group, The impairment under the former condition, which was thought of as specifically dysfunction, can be explained by threshold theory of cognitive impairment.