其他摘要 |
Now China is in the process of social transition and urbanization, which leads to dramatic changes in the social structure and interest distribution. These changes and developments have made our life increasingly rich and colorful. However, they also cause constant exposure of every social member to a variety of stressors, which elicit a series of physiological and psychological responses. The physiological and psychological responses have crucial functions in allowing individuals to cope with threatening or potentially threatening situations and recover homeostasis at the expense of temporarily suppressing nonessential brain functions and activities and impacting mental and physical health. However, there are substantial inter-individual differences in the stress responses and the corresponding effects on individual brain,cognition, behavior, and mental and physical health. Thus, prospectively predicting such individual differences is important in emergency management ability evaluation and personnel selection in high-stress jobs, as well as in preventing accidents and avoiding secondary damage of stress on the body and mind. Previous efforts in the prediction of individual differences in stress responses have largely relied on subjective measurements such as self-reported questionnaires and have yielded mixed results. Neurocognitive measurements indexing individual differences in the function of stress-mediating prefrontal-amygdala neural circuits are more objective and can be promising candidates of stress reaction predictors. Therefore, the present study measured individuals' neurocognitive indice of response inhibition, error processing, and negative emotional processing using a combination of behavioral and electrophysiological (event-related potentials, ERP) approach as predictors, and autonomic (heart rate) and HPA (cortisol) responses to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and daily reports on stressful life events and anxiety and depression levels on 30 days as outcome, to investigate the predictive effects on physiological and psychological stress responses to acute laboratory stressor and daily life stressors of cognitive control and emotional function, to explore objective and convenient indice (system) for individual stress response prediction.
Study One measured response inhibition using Go/Nogo tasks to investivate the prediction of response inhibition on individual stress responses. Results showed that response inhibition sensitivity indexed by d' and the amplitude of Nogo-P3 component positively predicted autonomic and HPA responses to the acute laboratory stressor in healthy adults, whereas the latency of Nogo-P3 negatively predicted individuals' autonomic and HPA stress responses. In addition, the false alarm rate positively predicted daily anxiety and depression in response to daily life stressors,whereas Nogo-N2 amplitude negatively predicted daily anxiety and depression in response to daily life stressors.
Study Two measured error processing using Go/Nogo tasks to investivate the prediction of error processing on individual stress responses. Results showed that the amplitude of error positivity (Pe) was positively associated with both the heart rate and cortisol responses towards the TSST, but not significantly associated with daily anxiety and depression levels in response to daily stressors.
Study Three measured neurocognitive processing of negative emotional stimuli using a passive viewing task to investigate the prediction of negative emotional processing on individual stress responses and daily coping. Results showed that the late positive positivity (LPP) towards negative relative to neutral pictures positively predicted heart rate response towards the TSST but did not predict daily anxiety and depression levels related to daily stressors. Further analysis showed that higher LPP amplitude towards negative pictures was associated with reduced daily affiliation coping when facing with daily stressors.
Results of the current study showed that behavioral and ERP indice related to prefrontal and amygdala functions can predict stress responses. Individuals who were more sensitive in a non-stressful state showed lager responses to stressors. |
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