健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

    中国人口老龄化严重，老年人的心理健康状况令人担忧。综合国内的研究发现，对老年人群的心理健康状况的测量工具比较单一，大多集中于抑郁、焦虑等方面，迫切需要一个能全面测量的工具。Old Adult Behavior Checklist,OABCL量表是Achenbach的研究团队在儿童版的基础上发展而来，并且在青少年、成年人中也经过修订，得到广泛应用。长时间的跨文化研究中，证明了它在测量各个年龄段心理健康方面的全面性和准确性。因此本研究想要考察OABCL量表在中国老年人群中的应用。一方面，该量表在中国还没有使用过。
另一方面，本研究作为OABCL量表跨文化的一部分，为其提供数据支持。除此之外，老年人自尊、思维反当也极大影响着他们的心理健康水平，因此我们在分析OABCL量表时，关注该量表的二阶因子内化、外化行为老年人自尊、思维反当之间的关系，进一步验证OABCL量表在中国老年人群中的应用。
    本研究分为三个部分，首先对OABCL量表进行信效度检验，包括进行跨文化的比较分析，其次分析该量表二阶因子内化、外化行为与自尊、思维反当的关系，最后分析该量表在中国的适用性。本研究在福建、北京选取了316名60岁以上的老年人进行施测，主要研究结果如下:
    1.  OABCL量表的总分及其分量表的信度都在0.8以上，与LVLVISE, SCL-10得分都存在高相关。并且该结果与其他美国、巴西等其他国家一致。
    2.老年人自尊、思维反当与内化、外化均存在相关关系，但自尊与其他几项相关较低，思维反当相关较高，并且思维反当在自尊与内化、外化中起到完全中介作用。
    3.探索性因素分析的结果表明，OABCL量表适合划分为三个维度，分别是内化、外化和功能减弱维度。
    以上研究结果表明，OABCL老年人行为检查表有着良好的信效度，存在跨文化的一致性，可以在以后的研究中进一步使用。老年人自尊水平比较稳定，较好的适应了人生转折期的变化，但思维反当现象较重，应该加强对老年的关注，尽量帮助他们减少消极的认知和思维。由于本研究取样的局限性，oaBCL量表的7个分维度并不完全适合，因此期待未来更深入的研究去阐明它。

    The aging of the population in China is serious, and the mental health of the elderly is worrying. Previous studies have found that the measurement for mental health of elderly are single, mostly concentrated in depression, anxiety and so on. There needs a comprehensive tool to measure the mental health of them. Old Adult Behavior checklist, OABCL scale has been developed by children's, and used in youth's and adult's after revising, Achenbach's research team proved that it can measures the behavior problems in all age group through long term cross-cultural studies. It has good consistency with other countries all over the world. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the application of OABCL scale in Chinese elderly. On one thing, there is no such instrument for measuring the elder's mental health entirety in China, on another, this study provides data support as a part of the cross cultural study in OABCL scale. Besides, the level of self-esteem and rumination of the elderly also greatly affect the mental health of them. So we want to investigate the relationship between self-esteem, rumination, the second-order factors of OABCL scale: internalization and externalization to further verify the application of OABCL scale in Chinese elderly.
    This study has three parts. Firstly, test the reliability and validity of the OABCL scale, including comparison with other countries. Secondly, analyze the relationship between internalization,  externalization,  self-esteem, and rumination. Lastly, use exploratory factor analysis to explore whether the seven dimensions of the scale can adapt to China, 316 elderly people over the age of 60 in Beijing, Fujian was measured, the main results are as follows:
    The reliability of the OABCL scale were above 0.8 both in the total and the subscales, and is highly correlated with the score of MMSE and SCL-10. The results are in agreement with countries such as American and Brazil.
    The elderly's  self-esteem and rumination are related to internalization and externalization, but the correlation between self-esteem and other items is lower. Rumination is relatively high, and rumination plays a complete intermediary role in self-esteem and internalization and externalization.
    Through the analysis of exploratory factors, we can draw three sub-dimensions: internalization, externalization and function impairment.
    Based on the research result above, we can draw the conclusion that OABCL had good reliability and validity, had good consistency for the study of cross-cultural, which can be used in future research. The level of self-esteem of the elderly is stable, meaning that the elderly adapted to the change in the turning point of life, but the level of rumination is relatively high. Much attention should be strengthened to them. Helping reduce the influence of the negative cognitions and emotions on them. Due to the limitation of sampling, the 7 dimensions of OABCL scale can not be applied well, so we expect further research to clarify it.