健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

情绪和认知是相对独立的心理过程，它们既有各自独特的发生机制和变化规律，同时又有着密切的联系。近几十年来，研究者们从不同的角度对情绪如何影响认知进行了大量的研究，但情绪对认知到底起促进作用还是瓦解作用，情绪影响认知的机制究竟是怎样的，仍难以形成一致意见。以往研究，较多采用情绪性的图片作为情绪诱发的刺激材料，诱发情绪的稳定性、持续性及生态效度往往不太理想，而这可能是导致结果迥异的原因之一。鉴于此，本研究以两可图作为实验材料，采用成功一失败操纵的反馈方法诱发被试的情绪体验，进而研究情绪对认知加工过程的影响。

目的:考察两可图认知加工过程中的神经电生理特征，以及从行为反应和脑电活动两个角度，探讨情绪对两可图认知加工的影响;方法:将小学中、高年级被试按随机原则分为负性、正性、中性三个情绪组，让被试进行难以确切判断作业成绩的两可图辨认任务，然后操纵给予不同组别被试的成绩反馈，诱发三组被试产生负性、正性、中性的情绪体验，采用事件相关电位技术记录和分析被试在不同情绪状态下观察两可图时的脑电活动变化情况和反应时等行为数据。结果:①刺激产生的ERPs各成分(N140, N200, P300, N400)明显;②负性情绪组N140, N200潜伏期显著延迟，N140波幅显著减小;负性和中性情绪组P300波幅显著大于正性情绪组;负性情绪组N400潜伏期显著长于中性情绪组，波幅均显著大于正性和中性情绪组;③与」_巨性情绪组相比，负性情绪组被试在得到更多的失败反馈后对选项作出判断耗时更长、反应更慢。结论:①N 140和N200可能反映两可图物理刺激的感知，P300和N400则可能反映两可图的命名及含义转换，两可图加工包括自下而上和自上而下的混合加工过程;② h1140和N200潜伏期显著延迟，波幅显著减小，说明外源性成分除了受刺激物理特性影响外，亦受到情绪调节的影响，负性情绪导致被试呈现抑制状态，脑活动水平更低;③ P300和N400波幅显著增大，可能是因为负性情绪状态下，被试对自__卜而下的加工投入了甲多心理资源，提高了激活水平，波幅更高。

Emotion and cognition arc relatively independent psychological processes，which have their own unique mechanism of occurrence and regular pattern, but also have close ties. In recent decades, many researchers have done a great deal of research on how does emotion influence cognition from different perspectives. Is the effect of emotion on cognition positive or negative? What is the mechanism of emotional impact of cognition? These questions are still difficult to have a consensus. In the past, the researchers often uses emotional picture as stimulus material and the stability, persistence and ecological validity of emotion are often not ideal. And it is likely factors leading to different conclusions. In view of this, this study used ambiguous figures as experimental materials and used the success-failure manipulation as the method of emotional induction to research on how does emotion influence cognition.

Objective To research the electrophysiological characteristics of ambiguous figure processing, and the impact of different emotional state on ambiguous figure processing from the perspective of behavioral and EEG activities. Methods The subjects were divided into three groups: negative group, positive group and neutral group according to the principle of randomness. The subjects were tested by the success-failure manipulation induced negative or positive emotional experiences on ambiguous figure task. Event-related potential technique was used to record and analyze the changes of EEG activity and reaction time of subjects under different emotional states. Results① The components of ERPs (N140, N200, P300, N400) were obvious.②The negative emotional state, N140 and N200 latency were significantly delayed, and N140 amplitude decreased significantly; P300 amplitude of the negative and neutral emotion group was significantly. greater than the positive emotion group; N400 latency of the negative emotion group was significantly longer than the neutral emotion group, and amplitude were significantly greater than the positive and neutral emotion groups;③ Compared with the positive emotion group, the negative emotion group subjects spend a longer time to judge the options after more failure feedbacks. Conclusion ①In the ambiguous cognition processing, N140 and N200 may reflect the participants of ambiguous physical stimuli. P300 and N400 may reflect the process of the par0ticipants on ambiguous figure reasoning and the meaning of the conversion. The ambiguous cognition processing includes a bottom-up and top-down mixing process.② The negative emotion under N140, N200 latency was significantly delayed, volatility than positive and neutral significantly reduced, resulting in negative emotion present participants with lower level of brain activity in the state of suppression.③ The negative emotional state, 1'300 and N400 amplitudes were significantly greater than the positive emotions, which may be due to high approach motivational effects of task, participants invested more psychological resources, and negative emotion but increase the activation level, larger amplitude.