社会与工程心理学研究室知识库

创造力对于人类的发展进步具有重大意义，包含了从创造力产生到创造力实施的完整阶段，期间包含了创造力的识别。现实情境中对创造力识别的有效性，日益成为了个体与组织在激烈的市场竞争中获得优势的关键。然而，据我们所知，创造力识别阶段并没有引起前人足够的重视。其中，评价者与创造者之间的群体关系对于创造力识别普遍影响，前人的研究中探讨不足且存在矛盾，本文希望对这个问题进行进一步的澄清。

总结前人研究发现，对于创造力的识别而言，主要包括评价主体、评价客体、人际与社会环境三类关键影响因素。其中，评价的客体包含创意与创造者的创造力两类。基于社会信息加工理论，群体关系作为评估者认知加工的重要社会信息来源，对创意与创造者的创造力识别，所关注的层面不同。对创意的创造力的识别主要关注社会信息的加工过程，而对于创造者的创造力识别主要关注社会互动的过程，应该分开探讨。本文借鉴信息的冷一热加工系统对其进行解释。同时，群体关系对创造力识别的作用受到创意本身新颖性的调节作用。鉴于此，本研究先后通过两个实验对这个问题进行探讨。

基于解释水平理论，研究一探讨群际关系如何影响评估者对不同来源(即来自内群体或外群体)的创意的创造力评估。采用2x2的混合实验设计，操纵评价者与创造者之间的群体关系，让80名大学生完成对高低新颖性创意的识别任务，同时测量解释水平的抽象具体性作为群体关系对创意识别的中介机制。结果发现，在新颖性评价上两者交互作用显著，即对于高新颖性创意而言，评价者对于外群体创造者的新颖性识别评分显著高于内群体。然而，解释水平的抽象具体性的中介没有得到验证。

研究二借鉴社会认同理论，探讨群际关系如何影响评估者对内群体或外群体成员的创造力评估。采用2x2的混合实验设计，操纵评价者与创造者之间的群体关系，让106名大学生完成对高低新颖性创意的创造者的创造力的评价任务，同时a}n」量感知到的群际威胁作为群体关系对创造者创造力识别的中介机制。结果发现，交互作用与中介作用得到显著验证，即对于高新颖性创意而言，评价者对于外群体创造者的创造力识别评分显著低于内群体，感知到的群际威胁是其中的中介机制。

本研究进一步补充了创造力识别的研究，探讨了评价者与创造者之间的群体关系的影响，探明了其中的中介机制。为创造力识别的研究提供了新的视角，即对创意和创造者的创造力的识别，所关注的社会信息加工的层面不同，需要分别探讨。同时利用解释水平理论与社会认同理论进行解释。由此，本文具有一定的理论价值。在实践上，文章指出了组织的决策者或专业的投资人，在创造力识别的过程中需要注意群体关系对两类客体不同的作用偏好，为本领域的研究和管理实践提供了新的方向。

Creativity plays an important role in the development and progress of human beings, including strategic planning of building an innovative country for the national level. One of the major limitations of organizational creativity and innovation research and practices is that much attention has been paid to the processes and outcomes of creators' idea generation and idea implementation. Nevertheless, as we known, how ideas are recognized by significant others has long been ignored. In the current paper, authors propose that a new topic for the field is to investigate the impact of ingroup/outgroup relationship between creators and evaluators on creativity recognition.

We review the extant literature of idea recognition and summarize the findings by sorting its driving factors into three broad categories, namely, the characteristics of evaluators, the features of ideas and/or creators, and the social influence process. Based on the social information processing theory, the group relationship as an important source of social information for evaluator's cognitive processing concerns the different levels of the ideas and the creators' recognition which should be discussed separately. The recognition of ideas' creativity emphasizes the cognitive level of analysis within social psychology, while the recognition of creator' creativity emphasizes the interpersonal, inter-subjective and reflexive character of cognition. In this paper, the cool/hot-system of information is used to explain it. At the same time, the ideas novelty could moderate the effect of ingroup/outgroup relationship and creativity recognition. Drawing on that, we adopted two studies to prove it.

First of all, we test the effect on ideas recognition by construal level theory. The first study used a mixed 2x2 design and the ingroup/outgroup relationship was manipulated. Eighty college students were randomly assigned to one of two conditions and completed the task of identifying the creativity of high and low novelty ideas. The results showed the ingroup/outgroup relationship and the ideas novelty had interaction effects on novelty recognition, which evaluator's novelty recognition score for the outgroup creators is significantly higher than that of ingroup creators in high novelty ideas. But the abstract and concrete thinking of construal level mediates the relationship between ingroup/outgroup and ideas novelty hasn't been validated.

Secondly, we test the notion that ingroup/outgroup relationship on creators' creativity recognition in social identity theory. The second study also used a mixed 2x2 design and the ingroup/outgroup relationship was manipulated. One hundred and six college students were randomly assigned to one of two conditions and completed the task of identifying the creativity of high and low novelty ideas' creator. The results showed the ingroup/outgroup relationship and the ideas novelty had interaction effects on creators' creativity recognition, which evaluator's creativity recognition score for the outgroup creators is significantly lower than that of ingroup creators in high novelty ideas. And also, the perceived intergroup threat mediates the relationship between ingroup/outgroup relationship and creators' creativity recognition.

This study provides a new perspective for creativity recognition research, which is to explore the relationship between ingroup/outgroup and creativity recognition from two different perspective based on social information process by construal level theory and social identity theory. In practice, managers and investors should pay more attention to the influence of ingroup/outgroup relationship on their creativity recognition in order to improve their validity of investment.