| 其他摘要 | With the development of economy and society and the strengthening of global communication, the aviation industry is booming, and the demand for pilots is also increasing. Pilot selection and training were concerned with a long period and high cost. Flight accident means a great loss of life and property. Therefore, the precise selection and efficient training of pilots have become the focus and hotspot in the field of aviation. Accurate selection involves accurate analysis of the structure of the pilot's professional ability. In the past, it has been recognized that plane driving were activities requiring high cognitive ability, and cognitive ability has been regarded as the key indicator of pilot selection, but its predictive power was low. How to analyze the capability structure of pilots and apply it to selection has always been a challenge.
In China, pilot selection was generally carried out around the age of 18, while cognitive abilities have reached the adult level. So it is not certain that pilot training can achieve the maximum training effect just starting at this time. The establishment of aviation classes for teenagers makes it is possible to conduct early intervention and training for the flight cadets of aviation classes. At present, a question that needs to be theoretically answered is how the cognitive abilities related to flight driving ability developed during high school period.
In this context, this study is carried out with two concerns. The first question is what is core cognitive abilities related to flight driving, and the second question is what are the characteristics of the development of those cognitive abilities during the adolescent years (12 to 18 years old).
In Study 1.1, cognitive abilities such as attention, spatial cognitive ability and executive function of 143 adolescent pilot cadets were collected and flight driving performance in flight experience activities were regarded as indicators of flight skills. Correlation analysis results showed significant correlations between flight driving performance with spatial cognitive abilities and cognitive flexibility. In study 1.2, the measurement paradigm was adjusted to focus on the relationship between executive function and flight skills. The results showed that spatial working memory and cognitive flexibility were significantly correlated with flight performance among 88 adolescent pilot cadets. This confirms the conclusion from study 1.1 that spatial cognitive ability and cognitive flexibility are core cognitive abilities for adolescent pilot cadets to driving airplane.
Study 2 focused on the developmental characteristics of executive function in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years, including age differences, genderdifferences (male and female) and group differences (pilot cadets and ordinary students). A total of 883 students participated in study 2. The Go/Nogo task, Flanker task, 2-back task, Corsi task and Task-Switch task were used to measure response inhibition, conflict inhibition, semantic working memory, spatial working memory and cognitive flexibility, respectively. The results showed that the five abilities showed a trend of continuous development in the adolescent stage, and the development speed of junior high school was faster than that of senior high school. Girls were better than boys in conflict inhibition, boys were better than girls in response inhibition, semantic working memory and spatial working memory, and there are no gender difference in cognitive flexibility. There are no significant differences between pilot cadets and ordinary students in executive function, but some abilities showed a development trend that ordinary students are better than pilot cadets in senior 1and 2but reversed in senior 3. Training before flight driving activities may indirectly leads to an increase of cognitive abilities related flight skills.
Based on the selection and training needs of adolescent pilot cadets, this thesis answered two questions of which cognitive abilities should be paid attention to and the development characteristics of these cognitive abilities in the adolescent stage through two studies. The result insight into the relationship between cognitive abilities and flying skills in the pilot population. How to apply these findings and guide the selection and training design of adolescents pilot cadets also be discussed. This thesis has certain theoretical significance and practical value. |
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