健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

使用非侵入性、敏感性的低成本的事件相关电位区分认知正常老年人和轻度认知障碍（Mild Cognitive Impairment, MCI）老年人是早期预防阿尔兹海默病（Alzheimer's Disease, AD）的有效途径。传统脑电（Electroencephalogram, EEG）研究发现，在工作记忆（Working Memory）延迟匹配任务（Delayed Match to SampleTask, DMS）下，左侧额区事件相关电位（Event-related Potential, ERP）能有效区分遗忘型轻度认知障碍（Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, aMCI）和正常老化。但是传统脑电耗时耗力，且不便于社区早筛的推广应用。

因此本研究拟使用便携式脑电背景下的两个样本，基于两个研究，分别探讨了基于延迟匹配任务的事件相关电位对不同人群的区分和结果的稳定性，以及该事件相关电位的工作记忆功能特异性。

研究 1 考察在便携式脑电下，基于延迟匹配任务的事件相关电位对不同人群的区分。包括两个样本的被试，样本一共 66 名被试（正常组/MCI 组：28/38）；样本二共 57 名被试（正常组/aMCI 组：21/36）。两个样本被试均采集了人口学相关变量并完成了延迟样本匹配脑电任务。结果发现两个样本中不同组被试的反应时和正确率均无显著的组间差异；所有被试组的右侧额区均出现了匹配诱发的更正的 ERP 效应，而左侧额区产生了由不匹配诱发的更正的 ERP 效应。

研究 2 基于样本一，考察左侧额区 ERP 效应的工作记忆功能特异性。所有被试均完成了包括不同认知能力的成套神经心理学测验和实验室任务。采用相关分析对左侧额区波幅差的标准分数与不同认知能力的标准分数进行相关检验，结果发现该 ERP 效应仅与工作记忆的反应时呈显著负相关。

综上所述，本研究发现基于工作记忆延迟匹配任务诱发的左侧额区事件相关电位不能显著区分正常老化人群和轻度认知障碍人群，且脑电成绩也不比行为成绩更具敏感性；但左侧额区的 ERP 效应具有工作记忆功能特异性。该结果为未来无创、便携的社区轻度认知障碍的早筛提供一定的参考。

Using noninvasive, sensitive and low-cost event-related potentials (ERP) to distinguish cognitively normal elderly from mild cognitive impaired (MCI) elderly is an effective way to prevent Alzheimer's Disease early. Traditional Electroencephalogram (EEG) studies have found that under the delayed match to sample (DMS) working memory task, the left frontal region ERP can effectively distinguish amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and normal aging. However, traditional EEG is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and it is not convenient for the promotion and application of early detection in the community.

Therefore, this study intends to use two samples under the background of wireless headset, based on two studies, to explore the differentiation of ERP based on DMS task on different populations and the stability of the results, as well as the specificity of the working memory function of the ERP.

Study 1 examined the differentiation of different populations by ERP based on a DMS task under a wireless headset. Two samples were included, the first sample include 66 subjects in total (normal /MCI: 28/38); the second sample included 57 subjects in total (normal/aMCI: 21/36). Both sample subjects collected demographic- related variables and completed the DMS EEG task. It was found that there were no significant differences in the response time and accuracy between the two groups, and greater matching-induced ERP effects were seen in the right frontal regions in all groups, while larger mismatch-induced ERP effects were seen in the left frontal regions.

In study 2, based on sample 1, examined the specificity of working memory function of the ERP effect in the left frontal region. All subjects completed a set of neuropsychological tests and laboratory tasks covering different cognitive abilities. Correlation analysis was used to test the correlation between the standard scores of the left frontal area and the standard scores of different cognitive abilities. The results showed that the ERP effect was only significantly negatively correlated with the working memory response time.

In conclusion, this study found that the left frontal region ERP evoked based on the working memory DMS task could not significantly distinguish between normal aging and MCI, and EEG were not more sensitive than behavioral. However, the ERP effect in the left frontal region was specific to working memory. The results provide a partial reference for the future noninvasive and portable early detection of MCI in the community.