| 其他摘要 | The suicidal events of prisoners often attract the attention of the outside world, which affects the punishment and rehabilitation of prisoners. In recent years, with the introduction of new regulations such as commutation and parole, the range of commutation has become smaller, the period of commutation has increased, and the prison management system under the COVID-19 epidemic has changed. Changes have led to increased pressure on prisoners to reform, making it difficult for them to adapt to prison life and causing their suicide risk. In order to realize the early detection of the suicide risk of prisoners and carry out targeted prevention and intervention, it has become an important topic to explore the formation mechanism of suicidal ideation in prisoners.
The stress-vulnerability model points out that external environmental stressors, namely negative life events, are important factors that trigger the emergence and development of suicidal ideation. However, there is no set of negative life event assessment tools for inmates, so this study plans to develop a negative life event scale for prisoners. At the same time, the possible influence mechanism of negative life events of prisoners on their suicidal ideation was explored, and cognitive risk factors (rumination and social problem-solving) and protective factors (social support) were introduced to discussion.
In the first study, 620 prisoners were selected for the preliminary test of the scale, and then 778 prisoners were selected for the formal test after revision. In the second study, 922 prisoners were selected to investigate the effect mechanism of negative life events on suicidal ideation. After confirming the negative life events can positively predict suicidal ideation, the mediating role of rumination and social problem-solving was further investigated. In the third study, 895 male prisoners were selected to examine the moderating effect of social support after confirming the mediating effects of rumination and social problem-solving.
In the first study, the negative life events scale for prisoners was composed of 5 factors, including interpersonal stress factor, re-regression stress factor, modification stress factor, family stress factor and health stress factor, with a total of 27 questions. The scale had good reliability and validity, and that can be used as a tool to assess negative life events in prisoners.
In the second study, the mediating effect analysis showed that negative life events could directly predict suicidal ideation, and rumination could also indirectly predict suicidal ideation, which means rumination played a mediating role between negative life events and suicidal ideation. Negative life events can also predict suicidal ideation indirectly through individual social problem-solving, which means social problem- solving plays an mediating role between negative life events and suicidal ideation. However, rumination and social problem-solving could not be used to predict suicidal ideation indirectly, indicating that there was no chain mediating effect and the two were parallel mediating effects.
In the third study, the results showed that social support had a moderating effect on the first half of the mediation path of negative life events → rumination → suicidal ideation, which means the higher social support, the more negative life events affected rumination. The weaker the positive predictive relationship; the perception of social support has a moderating effect on the second half of the mediation path of “inmates’ negative life events→social problem solving→suicidal ideation”, that is, the higher the perception of social support, the more social problems of inmates Addressing a stronger negative predictive relationship for suicidal ideation.
The results of the third study showed that social support moderated the first half of the mediation path of “negative life events → rumination → suicidal ideation”. The higher social support, the weaker the positive predictive relationship between negative life events and rumination. Besides, social support moderated the second half of the mediation path “negative life events → social problem-solving → suicidal ideation”. The higher social support, the stronger the negative predictive relationship between social problem-solving and suicidal ideation.
In conclusion, the scale of negative life events for prisoners prepared in this study filled in the gaps of stressors assessment tools for prisoners, enriched the “stress- vulnerability” model of suicide from the perspective of rumination and social problem- solving, and proposed the influencing mechanism of suicidal ideation among prisoners. From the perspective of social support, this research proposes an effective way to reduce the generation of suicidal ideation, which is of great significance to promote the study of suicide among prisoners, and provides theoretical reference and guidance for the prevention and intervention of suicide among prisoners. |
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