军队医学科技人员身心健康与影响因素的研究

PSYCH OpenIR > 中国科学院心理研究所回溯数据库(1956-2010)

	军队医学科技人员身心健康与影响因素的研究
其他题名	Mental-physical health and its relationship with influence factors for military medical laboratory scientists and technicians
	谭燕
	2008-06-10
摘要	本研究采用问卷法，应用横断面调查研究，对289名军队从事基础医学科技工作的人员应用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表、应对方式量表、自编亚健康量表、自编应激源量表和自编科研动机量表进行测量，运用组间对比分析，进行t检验、方差分析和回归分析统计法,了解军队医学科技人员身心健康与应对方式、工作应激、科研动机的关系。研究分为几部分进行:研究一,身心健康基本状况分析；研究二，身心健康主要影响因素特征分析；研究三，身心健康与影响因素的关系。主要结果如下： 1、军队医学科技人员身心健康水平：焦虑、抑郁水平低于全国常模且差异有统计学意义；主要发现副主任技师焦虑分高于研究员，抑郁分高于其他所有职称且差异有统计学意义，其他职称之间无差异；36～49岁年龄组抑郁、焦虑和亚健康分别高于20～35岁年龄组抑郁，其他年龄组间无差异，不同婚姻状态、受教育程度、职称之间亚健康无差异。 2、军队医学科技人员应对方式、工作应激、科研动机水平： 1）应对方式：副主任技师求助分除与副研究员无差异外均低于其他职称，自责分高于研究员且差异有统计学意义；研究员自责分和幻想分为最低，与副研究员有差异且有统计学意义。女性求助分高于男性，而解决问题分低于男性且差异均有统计学意义，不同婚姻状态、年龄组、受教育程度之间无差异； 2）工作应激：35～49岁和50～60岁年龄组高于20～35岁年龄组的工作应激，其他年龄段之间无差异，不同婚姻状态、性别、职称、受教育程度之间无差异； 3）男性较女性在“满足个人名利”条目上高且有统计学意义，不同职称、受教育程度、年龄段、婚姻状态之间科研动机无差异。 3、军队医学科技人员身心健康与应对方式、工作应激、科研动机的关系： 1）与应对方式的关系：回归分析结果表明，焦虑、抑郁和应对方式中的退避均对亚健康有正向预测作用；消极应对方式（幻想、自责、退避）对抑郁和焦虑具有正向预测作用，积极应对方式（解决问题、求助）对抑郁和焦虑具有反向预测作用且均有统计学意义，中间型应对方式（合理化）仅对焦虑具有反向预测作用且有统计学意义。 2）军队医学科技人员身心健康与工作应激的关系：回归分析结果表明，焦虑、抑郁、工作应激2（“单位科研经费分配不合理”)、工作应激4（“为申请科研项目或成果鉴定而疏通各种人际关系”)正向预测亚健康；工作应激8（“做科研有自卑心理”)、工作应激3（“职称晋升受挫”)正向预测抑郁，工作应激12（“科研工作是为临床服务和奉献”）反向预测抑郁；工作应激2（“单位科研经费分配不合理”)，工作应激9（“有嫉妒心理，对他人取得的成绩不服气”）正向预测焦虑且均有统计学意义； 3）军队医学科技人员身心健康与科研动机的关系：回归分析结果表明，抑郁对亚健康正向预测，科研动机对亚健康无预测；科研动机中的“探索未知规律、服务社会和人类”对抑郁反向预测且有统计学意义，对焦虑无预测； 4）与应对方式、工作应激、科研动机共同作用的关系：回归分析结果表明，焦虑、抑郁和工作应激对亚健康正向预测；积极应对方式对焦虑、抑郁反向预测且有统计学意义；消极应对方式对焦虑、抑郁正向预测且有统计学意义；中间应对方式对焦虑有反向预测作用且均有统计学意义。结论： 1、应对方式、工作应激、科研动机分别对军队医学科技人员身心健康产生影响； 2、应对方式是影响军队医学科技人员心理健康状态的最重要因素； 3、心理健康状态和工作应激顺次为影响军队医学科技人员亚健康的最重要因素。
其他摘要	To study the relationship between mental-physical health and coping behavior,job stress and job motivation in medical laboratory scientists and technicians. A cross-section survey was conducted,using the anxiety rating scale(SAS), depression rating scale(SDS), coping behavior rating scale,self-rating subhealth scale,self-rating stress scale,and self-rating job motivation scale among 289 medical laboratory scientists and technicians with analysis of ANOVA and Regression. The study was carried out in three steps:step1 is to analyze the general situation of the mental-physical health.Step 2 is to analyze the features of the main influencial facotors.Step 3 is to study the influence of the relative factors on mental-physical health.The following are the results: 1.The anxiety and depression scores of the medical researchers and technicians were 30±6 and 37±8 respectively,both significantly lower than those of the national norm（34±6 and 42±11 respectively,both P<0.01）,which are of significant difference. The depression score of the associate chief technician was 42±7, significantly higher than those of the medical researchers and technicians with any other professional titles (all P<0.05）, and the anxiety score of the associate chief technicians was 32±7, significantly higher than that of the research fellows（28±4, P<0.05），with no significant difference to the score of the medical researchers and technicians with other professional titles. The depression score,anxiety score and the subhealth score of the age group of 36～49 were 39±9,31±7 and 32±9 respectively, both higher than that of the age group of 20～35 （36±8,29±6 and 29±7 respectively,both P<0.05）,while there is much diference among other age groups. And the subhealth status has nothing to do with marital status,education background and professional titles. 2.The coping behaviors,job stress and motivation of the military medical laboratory scientists and technicians. 1）Coping behaviors:The seeking help score of the associate chief technicians was 2.8±0.5,not significantly different from that of the associate research fellows（2.8±0.5）,but significantly lower than those of the medical researchers and technicians with other professional titles(all P<0.01),and whose self-blame score was higher than that of the research fellows,which is of significant difference.The self-blame score and the imagination score of the associate research fellows were 2.0±0.5 and 2.4±0.5 respectively, significantly higher than that of the research fellows(1.6±0.4, 2.1±0.4,both P<0.01). The seeking help score of the females was 3.1±0.5, significantly higher than that of the males(2.9±0.5, both P<0.01),and the solving problem score was 3.4±0.6,significantly lower than the male(3.6±0.7, both P<0.01).There is no any significant difference in coping behaviors among researchers and technicians of different marital status,education background and age groups. 2)Job stress: The score of job stress of the age group of 35~49 and 50~60 were 23±8 and 25±6 respectively,significantly higher than that of the 20~35(21±7,both P<0.05). There is no any significant difference in job stress among researchers and technicians of different marital status,gender,professional titles and education background. 3)The score of meeting personal desire for reputation and interests of the males was 19.6±5.4，significantly higher than that of the females(18.4±5.0, both P<0.05), while there is no significant difference in job motivation among researchers and technicians of different titles,education,age and marital status. 3.The relationship of the mental-physical health of the military medical laboratory scientists and technicians with their coping behaviors,job stress and motivations 1) Coping behaviors:Regression analysis showed that, the best predictors of subhealth were anxiety,depression and escaping (β=-0.40,β=0.23, β=0.14, both P<0.01).the best predictors of anxiety and depression were active coping behaviors and negative coping behaviors (β=-0.40,β=0.40, both P<0.01).The moderate(rational) coping behaviors is the best predictor only of anxiety and of significant difference. 2)job stress : Regression analysis demonstrated that anxiety,depression,job stress 2 and job stress 4 are the best predictor for subhealth;job stress 12 is the best retro-predictor for depression; job stress 3 and 8 are the best predictor for depression;and job stress 2 and 9 are the best predictor for anxiety ,which are of significant difference. 3)Motivation:Regression analysis demonstrated that depression is the best predictor for subhealth while motivation itself doesn't predict subhealth;with respect to the specific contents of motivation,"probing unknown rules and making contributions to the human society "is the best retro-predictor for depression and has nothing to do with anxiety prediction. 4) The combined influences of coping behaviors,job stress and motivations: Regression analysis showed that, the best predictors for subhealth were anxiety,depression and job stress(β=0.41,β=0.24, β=0.19, both P<0.01).the best predictors for anxiety and depression were active coping behaviors and negative coping behaviors (β=-0.40,β=0.40, both P<0.01).The moderate(rational) coping behaviors is the best predictor only for anxiety and of significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: Regression analysis showed that the best predictors for anxiety and depression were active coping behaviors and negative coping behaviors, the best predictors for subhealth were anxiety,depression and job stress.Coping behaviors, job stress and motivations have significant influences on the mental-physical health of the military medical researchers and and technicians. Among them,coping behavior is the most important factor while job stress and motivation follow. Seeking help more often,less self-blame ,imagination and job stress could help release the anxiety, depression and improve the subhealth of the medical researchers and technicians. The findings of this study indicate we should address the physical and mental health of the military laboratory researchers and technicians.
关键词	身心健康应对方式工作应激科研动机军队医学科技人员
学位类型	硕士
语种	中文
学位授予单位	中国科学院心理研究所
学位授予地点	心理研究所
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/4414
专题	中国科学院心理研究所回溯数据库(1956-2010)
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	谭燕. 军队医学科技人员身心健康与影响因素的研究[D]. 心理研究所. 中国科学院心理研究所,2008.

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