| 其他摘要 | People can not only identify other's identity, gender, age, race and emotional state through their faces, but also speculate on a variety of characteristics according to other people's faces. With the social development of teenagers, their roles will change, so their social cognitive ability also needs to be adjusted accordingly. Their first impression will play a guiding role in the process of communicating with strangers. Previous studies have shown that children can judge the competence, trustworthiness and dominance of others through their faces from the age of 3. They continue to develop in childhood, and the degree of consistency with adult judgment increases with age. In the past, the research on face impression was mainly aimed at children under the age of 13, and did not pay attention to the changes in teenagers. This study mainly discusses the development trend of teenagers' face impression.
In the past studies, there are individual differences in the evaluation of the first impression from strangers' faces in every age group. In order to understand the reasons of first impression individual differences, a large number of studies have focused on the impact of facial features on first impression. However, recent studies have shown that the contribution of the observer's own characteristics (such as trust tendency) to impression formation is not less than or even greater than the facial features of the target population. Therefore, this study focuses on the predictive effect of self-construal and generalized trust on face impression from the perspective of observer characteristics.
This thesis includes three studies. Study 1 investigated the development trend of face impression in teenagers. There were 3331 teenagers aged from 10 to 17 (not less than 229 in each age group) as the experimental group subjects and 239 college students as the control group subjects participated the experiment. All subjects evaluated the face photos. The evaluation dimensions included warm, competence and attractive. The results showed that the positivity of teenagers' impression of strangers' faces was significantly different from that of adults. With the increase of age, the positivity of teenagers' face impression shows a downward trend, but the range is small. There are individual differences in face impression of each age group, and the individual differences of teenagers are greater than those of adults.
Study 2 explored the predictive effect of teenagers' self-construal and generalized trust on face impression. It included two experiments in study 2. There were 501 students from junior middle school participated in Experiment 1.They evaluated face photos and completed the scales for measuring self-construal, generalized trust and self-esteem. There were 713 students from high school participated in Experiment 2. There were several differences about methods between Experiment 2 and Experiment 1 .Two different scales were used to measure self-construal, and more confounding factors were controlled, including shyness, social anxiety and fear of negative evaluation. In addition, social ability is added in the dimension of face impression evaluation. The results of study 2 show that both teenagers' interdependent self-construal and generalized trust can positively predict face impression, while independent self-construal can't predict the positivity of face impression. After excluding and age, the above results are the influence of confounding variables such as gender still valid.
In Study 3, we tested the moderating effects of self construal and generalized trust on the age effect of facial impression. To compare teenagers with adults, there were 195 adults completed the task of face impression evaluation, and the measurement of self construal, generalized trust and self-esteem. The research tools were the same as experiment 1 in Study 2. The results showed that adult interdependent self construal and generalized trust also had a positive predictive effect on the positivity of facial impression. Comparing teenagers of all ages with adults, it was found that the higher the level of generalized trust, the smaller the difference between 13一year-old and 14-year-old teenagers' evaluation of strangers' faces and adults. Compared with adults, teenagers of other ages have no moderating effect of generalized trust or interdependent self construal on the difference of facial impression.
Therefore, we conclude that there are significant differences between teenagers and adults in the positivity of face impression. With the increase of age, the positivity of teenagers in evaluating strangers' faces tends to decline, but the decline range is small. There are individual differences in the impression of others' faces at all age group, and the individual differences of teenagers are greater than those of adults. In addition, we further found that people's interdependent self-construal and generalized trust partly explain the individual differences of face impression. If people generally think that others are important to them or tend to trust most people, they will find the faces of strangers warmer, more competent and attractive. |
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