中国科学院心理研究所机构知识库

行为学研究显示，对毒品相关刺激的注意偏向是海洛因成瘾者的认知特点。本文介绍的一系列实验室研究，试图借助成熟的认知心理学研究方法，深入探讨这个现象。首先，在先期实验中，考虑到配对图片的情绪色彩的情况下，利用点－探测范式复制出注意偏向的现象。在此基础上，借助事件相关电位技术，利用提示－靶刺激范式试图为毒品相关性注意偏向提供一些电生理证据，并验证了诱因-敏化理论。

本文的主要结论是：

1、中国黄种人中的海洛因成瘾者也存在着对毒品相关刺激的注意偏向，为前人研究提供了跨种族、跨文化的支持性证据。

2、在控制了配对图片的情绪色彩之后，成瘾者仍然表现出对毒品线索的注意偏向。

3、首次为海洛因成瘾者对毒品相关刺激的注意偏向提供了较为严谨的电生理学依据。毒品线索视觉提示对其后的视觉加工具有调节作用。这种调节作用表现在ERP上，是对顶枕部P1波幅的调节。毒品相关注意偏向引发的偏差行为，很可能源于偏差了的感觉加工。

4、行为学数据与脑电数据显示出高度的一致性：海洛因成瘾者的注意偏向发生在脱离（Disengagement）阶段，而没有发生在投放（Engagement）阶段，即成瘾者的注意力更不愿意从毒品处脱离而不是毒品信息更容易攫取他们的注意力。这一结果验证了诱因-敏化理论，证实毒品线索会诱发成瘾者对毒品的病理性欲望（Wanting）。

5、海洛因成瘾者对毒品线索注意偏向的程度受成瘾时间、戒毒次数及其控制力的影响。

As revealed by many behavioral studies, heroin addicts are characterized by attentional bias toward drug-related stimuli. In the following studies, we investigated this phenomenon using the methodology borrowed from cognitive psychology. First, in the pilot study, considering the emotional factor of the matched pictures, we replicated the phenomenon in Chinese population using dot-probe model. Then, we performed an Event-related potential experiment, trying to find some electrophysiological correlates for the attentional bias in heroin addicts. Results presented in this thesis can be summarized as following:

1、The attentional bias toward drug-related stimuli also existed in Chinese population. This result added cross-cultural evidence to previous findings.

2、When controlling the emotional factor of the matched pictures, The attentional bias toward drug-related stimuli still existed.

3、The present study offered some valuable electrophysiological evidences related to the attentional bias in heroin addicts. Drug-related visual Cues could modulate the subsequent visual processing, which was reflected by the amplitude of the occipital-parietal P1 component in ERP data. Thus, biased behavior was probably caused by biased sensory processing.

4、The attentional bias in heroin addicts happened in Disengagement process, not in Engagement process, which meant that their attentions didn’t want to disengage from the drug-related information rather than engage to those stimuli. These results also validated the “incentive-sensitization” theory.

5、The degree of attentional bias in heroin addicts was influenced by addiction time, abstaining times and control ability over heroin.