| 其他摘要 | Career planning is a complex process, and there is an urgent need for adolescents to make important career decisions as they are expected to decide what to study and what educational institution they will go to. In a new era of rapid changes and development of new technologies, individuals may face more career decisions in their lifetime. This makes career decision-making as an essential skill that plays an incalculable role in the career and personal development. Environmental inputs and parenting styles are closely related to the individual and cognitive development of adolescents. A beneficial family environment and a functional parent-child relationship are essential for the wellness of adolescents, while negative parenting styles may lead to poor or ineffective parent-child communications, and potentially cause behavioral and internalizing problems. This may make adolescents vulnerable and prone to make irrational or irresponsible decisions at this critical life stage. Entering puberty, adolescence is a time for growing needs for autonomy. The use of the intrusive parenting style and manipulative strategies have a considerable negative impact on parent-child relationships, posing threats to adolescent’ physical and psychological wellness, and exploratory behaviors. Studies have shown that parenting styles are closely related to career decision-making difficulties. However, few literatures combine envirmental factors and individual factors to explore the mechanism of career decision-making difficulties, and there is also a lack of relevant research on Chinese adolescents. The current study explores the relationship between parental psychological control and career decision-making difficulties, as well as the roles of depression and self-disclosure using a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods. The current study consists of two parts. Study 1: Select 9 high school students to conduct a qualitative analysis of the difficult situation and help-seeking behavior of high school students in career decision-making. Study 2: A total of 712 adolescents aged from 13-18 completed the self-reported measures of the Career Decision-making Difficulties Questionnaire, Perceived Psychological Control, CES-D and Self-disclosure Scales. The quantitative study explored the relations between psychological control and career decision-making difficulties. The results of Study 1 show that career decision-making difficulties and adolescent’ coping strategies emerged as the core category, it included six main categories: sources of career decision-making difficulties, coping strategies, sources of social support, intervening factors, catalysts, and characteristics of ideal source of social support. The results of study 2 show that there were significant differences in the scores of career decision-making difficulties across different groups, the results varied on one child/not, gender, age, parent's educational backgrounds and family annual incomes. Boys, younger ages, non-only children’s groups, lower levels of parental education and lower family income, are associate with significantly higher scores in career decision-making difficulties. Correlation analyses showed that both maternal and paternal psychological control and adolescent career decision-making difficulties were positively correlated with each other; both maternal and paternal psychological control were positively correlated with adolescent depression, and were negatively correlated with adolescent self-disclosure; adolescent depression was positively correlated with their career decision-making difficulties; and self-disclosure to their mother and father were negatively correlated with their career decision-making difficulties, respectively. The multiple mediation modeling indicated that neither maternal psychological control nor paternal psychological control had a significant direct effect on adolescent career decision-making difficulties. In the mother’s model, psychological control exerted the indirect effects through the mediating roles of both adolescent depression and their self-disclosure to mothers; in the father’s model, the effect of paternal psychological control on adolescent career decision-making difficulties mainly relied on the indirect effect of adolescent depression. In the relationship between psychological control and adolescent career decision-making difficulties, the effect of paternal psychological control was fully mediated by adolescents' depression, and the effect of maternal psychological control was mediated by the multiple mediating effects of adolescent’s depression and their self-disclosure to mothers. The results of current research show that (1) adolescent career decision-making difficulties may arise from different sources, among which parents’ influence plays an important role; (2) adolescents’ coping strategies for coping with career decision-making difficulties differs, adolescents’ may opt for positive strategies (such as actively seeking help) and passive strategies (such as escaping, avoiding); (3) among various sources of social support for career decision-making, adolescents may have divergent experiences with mothers and fathers; there is also a gap between what adolescents’ considered as the ideal source of social support and their real-life choices of social support;(4) higher maternal and paternal psychological control were related to more difficulties in career-decision making; (5) adolescents’ self-disclosure to their mothers and their depression mediated the relationship between maternal psychological control and career decision-making difficulties, and adolescent depression played a mediating role in father’s psychological control and career decision-making difficulties; The current study provides evidence and sheds light on the influence of parenting styles and family environment on adolescents' career decision-making difficulties. Implications for potential interventions are discussed. |
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