中国科学院心理研究所机构知识库

本研究的目的是调查珠江三角洲地区青年农民工的基本生活情况，文化适应情况，及其心理健康状况，并探讨其人口学变量与文化适应，价值观和心理健康之间的相互关系。调查对象是从中山市某镇一大两小三个工厂中选取的240名被试。被试的年龄跨度为17到36岁，平均25.1岁。超过80%的被试已经在珠江三角洲地区工作2年或以上。调查工具包括外出工作目的问卷，满意度问卷，文化适应量表，价值观量表，自尊量表，和心理健康量表。调查通过问卷加访谈的方式进行。主要调查结果及结论如下：

1.新生代农民工的比例不断增加，他们出生于80年代及以后，基本没有务农经历，但受教育程度却比较高，他们外出工作并不以谋生、赚钱为唯一目的，他们更加注重的是学习知识和技能，以及获得独立。

2.农民工的基本工资是中山市的最低工资标准工资。许多农民工经常性加班，超过六成被试平均每天上班时间超过八小时，约九成的被试每个星期休息一天或更少。

3.他们所获得的社会保障极其有限，购买人身意外保险和医疗保险的比例都低于20%，购买养老保险的人最多，也才达到1/3的比例。

4.大部分农民工的社会交往主要局限于老乡和亲戚，他们生活在珠三角，却和珠三角当地的社会和文化没有什么联系，他们中的大多数人最后都将回到家乡。其文化适应策略的选择也同样体现了这一点：绝大部分农民工都是使用的“分离”策略，使用“同化”策略的被试最少。

5.农民工的价值观结构和城市青少年的价值观结构类似，因素分析产生了三个因素：自由责任，刺激享乐，和安全稳定，其平均分分别为4.13，3.09和4.04。第一个因素既包含有原来的集体主义项目，也包含有原来的个体主义项目。第二个因素则来自于原来的个体主义的项目，第三个因素来自于原来的集体主义项目。

6.工厂农民工的积极情绪占主要地位，焦虑和抑郁水平较低，约为3%的被试“经常有”焦虑或抑郁情绪。积极情绪和自尊之间存在着正相关，焦虑和抑郁则与自尊负相关。

7.社交活动，无论是与老乡，还是当地人之间的交往，都能促进农民工的心理健康。

8.正性自尊，当地的社交圈子，对当地工作和生活的满意度等因素对积极情绪有一定的预测力，而负性自尊，自我评价的适应水平等因素对消极情绪（包括焦虑和抑郁）有一定预测力。

This study aimed at examining the basic living conditions, acculturation, and psychological well-being of temporary migrant young workers, who came from the countryside to work as labor force in the cities. A total of 240 samples were collected from three factories in Zhongshan City, Pearl River Delta, Guangdong Province. Their ages range from 17 to 36, with the average age of 25.1. Among those young workers, more than 80% had been working there for 2 or more years. The respondents were investigated by the method of questionnaire survey. The standard and self-developed tools include Questionnaire for Migration Purposes, Questionnaire for Satisfaction of Working Conditions, Acculturation Scale, Survey of Individualism/Collectivism, Self-esteem Scale, and Psychological Well-being Scale. The main investigation results and conclusions are as follows:

1. Most of the young temporary migrant workers from the countryside had received good basic education, and their main purposes to come and work in the cities were to learn new knowledge and skills and to become more independent, rather than to get rid of poor life in the countryside.

2. Their basic average income was at the lowest level in Zhongshan City, and they had to work overtime to increase their income. Over 60% respondents worked more than 8 hours per day, and about 90% had to work one day or more overtime during the weekends.

3. Most of the young workers didn’t buy social insurances. Less than 20% respondents had personal accident insurance or health insurance, while one third had bought endowment insurance.

4. Most of the young workers chose heritage cultural identity in acculturating to the local society and culture. They limited their social communication circles with friends and/or relatives from their hometown. They seldom had connections with local society and culture, and most of them would prefer to return their hometown in a few years.

5. A 3-factor structure was found in the life values of those young workers. The factors were "Freedom and Responsibility", “Stability and Security” and “Stimulating and Enjoyable Life”, and the means in the ratings of their importance in life were respectively 4.13, 4.04 and 3.09. The first factor consisted of items from both of the originally defined individualistic and collectivistic values, the second factor was formed by the collectivistic values, and the third factor by individualistic values. As the stay in city became longer, there was a decrease in the “Stimulating and Enjoyable Life” value.

6. For the majority of the young workers, the basic "positive feelings" in emotion were reported. About 3% respondents reported frequently experiencing “anxiety” or “depression” feelings. High correlations were found between positive feelings and self-esteem, while anxiety and depressive feelings were negatively correlated with self-esteem.

7. Social communications both with old friends from hometown and new friends from local communities could promote their level of psychological well-being.

8. The factors such as positive esteem, having local friends, and high satisfaction towards life and work can serve as significant predictors of “positive feelings”, while the factors such as negative esteem, level of self-assessed adaptation are predictors of “anxiety” and “depression”.