面孔身份与面部表情识别中的区分度效应

PSYCH OpenIR > 中国科学院心理研究所回溯数据库(1956-2010)

	面孔身份与面部表情识别中的区分度效应
其他题名	Effects of Discriminability on Recognition of Facial Identity and Facial Expression
	汪亚珉
	2007-06-07
摘要	面孔身份识别与面部表情识别是彼此独立的还是相互影响的？研究者各持己见，神经心理学、认知神经科学和行为学三方面的研究均未得到肯定一致的结论。已有研究表明，熟悉度对身份识别加工与表情识别加工之间的关系具有重要影响。本研究认为，区分度也是影响二者之间关系的重要因素。本研究以不熟悉面孔图片为刺激材料，操纵身份的区分度与表情的区分度，采用Garner快速分类任务，分别测查Garner效应中的干扰效应与促进效应，系统地研究了身份识别加工与表情识别加工之间的关系。主要研究发现可以概括为以下4个方面： 1. 在4种可能的身份区分度与表情区分度的组合条件下，分别测查身份与表情之间的相互干扰效应，结果表明：区分度调节身份与表情之间的干扰效应，低区分度导致身份识别或表情识别的非独立加工。 2. 测量并比较高区分度与低区分度条件下的眼动注视模式，结果表明：无论是身份识别还是表情识别，低区分度都会导致相对集中的眼动注视模式，而高区分度则导致相对分散的眼动注视模式。 3. 结合使用morphing变形技术与Garner范式，测查身份与表情之间的促进效应，结果表明，区分度调节身份与表情之间的促进效应，低区分度导致身份识别或表情识别的非独立加工。 4. 以系列变形的分类边界为指标，通过序列无间隔呈现morphing变形图片提供表情的变化性信息，结果表明，表情的变化性信息会提高表情的区分度，从而促进表情的独立识别。这克服了以往研究只采用静态表情信息的不足。上述发现表明，不熟悉面孔的身份与表情之间是一种可分离的维度关系，而不是已有研究所认为的不对称维度关系。身份识别加工与表情识别加工之间并非绝对的独立或者绝对的非独立关系，身份和（或）表情的区分度均可以调节二者之间的关系。本研究所揭示的身份识别与表情识别中的区分度效应，可较好地解释已有相关研究结果之间的不一致。
其他摘要	Whether facial identity and facial expression was processed independently has long been a controversy. Studies at levels of experimental, neuropsychological, functional imaging and cell-recording all failed to consistently support either independent or interdependent processing. Present study proposed that familiarity and discriminability of facial identity and expression was important variable in mediating the relation between facial identity and facial expression recognition. Effects of familiarity on recognition of facial identity and expression had been examined (e.g. Ganel & Goshen-Gottstein, 2004) but the role of the discriminability in recognition of facial identity and expression has not yet been carefully examined. To examine the role of discriminability of facial identity and expression, 8 experiments were conducted with Garner’s speeded classification task in recognition of identity and expression of unfamiliar faces. The discriminability of facial identity and expression was manipulated, and the measurements of Garner interference and facilitation indicated that: 1. The discriminability of facial identity and expression mediate the relation between facial identity and expression recognition. Four possible discriminability combinations between identity and expression predicted 4 interference patterns between them. Low discriminability accounted for the interference either in facial identity judgment or in facial expression judgment task. 2. The measurements of eye movements indicated that either in facial identity or in facial expression recognition low discriminability led to a narrowly-distributed eye fixation pattern while high discriminability led to a widely-distributed eye fixation pattern. 3. By combining the morphing technique with the Garner paradigm, study 2 successfully demonstrated the linar relation between discriminability and Garner facilitation effects, confirmed the discriminability effects in the measurements of Garner facilitation effects.. 4. By providing the varying information of facial expression, study 2 revealed that varying information improved the discriminability of facial expression, and then enhanced the recognition of facial expression. All the results indicated that the discriminability of facial identity and expression could mediate the independent or interdependent processing between them, and the discriminability effects on recognition of identity and expression of unfamiliar faces was identified. The results from interference effects and facilitation effects both indicated that the dimensional relation between facial identity and expression was separable but not asymmetric claimed by previous studies（Schweinberger et al, 1998, 1999）. Absolutedly independent or interdependent processing between facial identity and expression recognition were both impossible, discriminability of identity and expression mediated the relation between them. The discriminability effects revealed in present study could explain the conflicts between existing findings well.
关键词	面孔识别面孔身份识别面部表情识别区分度效应
学位类型	博士
语种	中文
学位授予单位	中国科学院心理研究所
学位授予地点	心理研究所
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/4544
专题	中国科学院心理研究所回溯数据库(1956-2010)
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	汪亚珉. 面孔身份与面部表情识别中的区分度效应[D]. 心理研究所. 中国科学院心理研究所,2007.

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