中国科学院心理研究所机构知识库

目的 了解农村留守儿童抑郁的特点并探讨其影响因素。方法 对取自重庆、贵州两地乡镇的667名农村留守及非留守儿童（包括小学五年级、初二和高一共三个年级）进行抑郁水平及相关因素的调查。结果 在五年级和高一年级中,留守儿童的抑郁得分[（42.90±8.27）分,（43.66±8.16）分]显著高于非留守儿童[（38.45±7.80）分,（42.17±6.90）分],而在初二组中差异不显著。父母外出打工时儿童的年龄阶段在高一学生中主效应显著（F（4,188）=7.50,P〈0.01）。各年级均显示父母在儿童2岁或2岁以下时离开,儿童的抑郁水平最高[分别为（44.39±8.44）分,（43.75±7.09）分,（49.04±9.63）分]。父母在打工期间与儿童的联系频次在五年级学生中主效应边缘显著（F（4,169）=2.09,P=0.08）,在高一学生中主效应显著（F（4,228）=2.83,P〈0.05）。在初二和高一年级中,联系频次低于每月一次的儿童抑郁水平显著高于其他组儿童（P〈0.05）。结论 为了保护农村留守儿童的健康发展,需要对其进行适当的心理干预。父母在儿童的早期最好避免与其长期分离,外出打工后要尽量加强与孩子的联系,将有助于缓解留守儿童的抑郁情绪

Objective To find out the depression characteristics and its influencing factors in children left in rural areas. Methods To investigate depression level and related factors in 667 students （ including children left in rural areas and common children） from primary fifth grade ,junior second grade and senior first grade in high schools in local villages and towns of Chongqing and Guizhou. Results In primary fifth grade and senior first grade, the depression level of children left in rural areas （42.90± 8.27,43.66 ± 8.16） was obviously higher than that of common children （38.45±7.80,42.17 ±6.90）, but it was not so in junior second grade. The main effect of children＇ s age when their parents go out to work is significant in first grade students in senior high school （ F （4.188） = 7.50, P〈 0.01 ）. Students from three grades all present the highest depression level（44.39± 8.44,43.75 ± 7.09,49.04± 9.63 ） when their parents leave them at their two,year-old or younger. The main effect of contact frequency between parents and child when the parents work outside is marginal significant in fifth grade students in elementary school （ F （4.169） =2.09, P=0.08）. It is significant in first grade students in senior high school （ F （4,228） = 2.83, P 〈 0.05 ）. In second grade students in junior high school and first grade students in senior high school, the depression level of children whose contact is under once a month is remarkably higher than other children（ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion In order to protect the healthy development of chitdren left in rural areas, appro- priate psychological interventions are needed. Parents are better not to leave children for a long time when they are very young, and they should try to strengthen contact with their children when they work outside. Both of these will help relieving the depression emotion of children left in rural areas.

国家自然科学基金项目（30300113）