个体证券投资者自我效能感对赌徒谬误的影响

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	个体证券投资者自我效能感对赌徒谬误的影响
其他题名	The Effect of Self-efficacy on Gamblers＇ Fallacy
	吴梦1 ; 翁学东 1; 孙铃 1; 白新文1
通讯作者邮箱	baixw@psych.ac.cn
心理所单位排序	1
摘要	赌徒谬误指当某一独立随机事件发生后,人们倾向认为这一结果再次出现的概率降低。如果一连串的随机事件呈现出一定的趋势,人们倾向于认为随机事件将呈现系统性反转。证券市场中的赌徒谬误指在股票上涨(下跌)序列中做出股价将要下跌(上涨)的判断。本研究探讨股票市场特征(趋势长度及方向)及投资者的人格特征(自我效能感)对赌徒谬误的影响。以83名股票投资者为对象,采用多层线性模型进行分析,结果发现:趋势长度主效应显著,短线情境下赌徒谬误频次更高;趋势方向主效应显著,下跌情境下赌徒谬误频次更高;二者交互作用显著,在短线下跌情境下,赌徒谬误频次更高;投资者的自我效能感对股票趋势长度具有调节作用,高自我效能的投资者在短线情境下更容易出现赌徒谬误。; Gambler＇s fallacy is the belief that if deviations from the expected behaviors are observed in repeated independent trials of some random processes, future deviations in the opposite direction are then more likely~ When people judge the probability of an uncertain event, gambler＇s fallacy often occurs. Stock performance is also uncertain. So gambler＇s fallacy appears in the stock market investment. The purpose of this research is to investigate when the gambler＇s fallacy occurs in stock investment and what affects its frequency. Besides, how the investors＇ personality, especially their self-efficacy （SE）, moderates the relationship between stocks＇ factors and gambler＇s fallacy is also discussed. A total of 83 stock investors in China participated in this research. In order to measure the frequency of gambler＇s fallacy, stocks＇ K-lines with trends （up or down） were used in this study. According to four kinds of trends （short-up, short-down, long-up, long- down）, we chose 10 pictures for each of these trends. Subjects were asked to judge the current trend （up or down） and the future price （ increase or decrease） of each of the stocks. When they suggested that the price wound increase in a down-trend or decrease in an uptrend, gambler＇s fallacy occurred. Besides, Schwarze＇s general self-efficacy scale was used to measure investors＇ self-efficacy （α = . 86）. The hierarchical linear modeling （HLM） was used in data analysis because of the nested strueture, i. e. , the trend duration and direction as the intra-personal variable was nested in self-efficacy （personal variable）. The results indicated that the duration （β = -. 65, t = -2.44, p 〈. 05） and direetion （β = -. 66, t = -3. 424, p 〈. 01 ） of the trend have both main effeet and interaction effect （β= . 80 ,t = 2. 80, p 〈. 01 ）. Specifically, in the down trend, the frequency of gambler＇s fallacy was more in short-trend than in long-trend （β down trend = -. 65 ,t = -2.44, p 〈 . 05 ）, and most likely occurred under short-down condition （F = 10. 05, p 〈 01 ）. Besides, investors with high self-efficacy （one SD above average） showed more fallacies in short-trend than in long-trend （β high SE = -1.10, t = -3. 17, p 〈. 01 ）, while people with low serf-efficacy did not have this difference. It means that serf-efficacy negatively moderated the relationship between trends＇ duration and gambler＇s fallacy. The results indicated that investors＇ speculation and losing aversion made them show more fallacies in short-down trends. Interestingly, serf-efficacy, often had a positive correlation with performance, negatively moderated the relationship between trends＇ durations and gambler＇s fallacy Vancouver et al. found that people with high serf-efficacy often showed overconfident and had more logic errors under uncertain circumstances Therefore, investors, facing with the uncertain stock market, were probably overconfident and made more mistakes in decision making processes. Finally, implications and contributions were discussed.
关键词	赌徒谬误自我效能感股票投资
学科领域	工业与组织心理学
	2013
语种	中文
发表期刊	心理科学
ISSN	1671-6981
卷号	36 期号:1 页码:175-182
期刊论文类型	期刊论文
URL	查看原文
收录类别	CSCD
CSCD记录号	CSCD:4773082
资助机构	本研究得到国家自然科学基金（70802059）和中央财经大学青年科研创新团队项目的资助.
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/14572
专题	应用研究版块
通讯作者	白新文
作者单位	1.中国科学院心理研究所 2.中国科学院研究生院 3.中央财经大学经济心理研究所 4.中央财经大学社会发展学院心理系
第一作者单位	中国科学院心理研究所
通讯作者单位	中国科学院心理研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	吴梦,翁学东,孙铃,等. 个体证券投资者自我效能感对赌徒谬误的影响[J]. 心理科学,2013,36(1):175-182.
APA	吴梦,翁学东,孙铃,&白新文.(2013).个体证券投资者自我效能感对赌徒谬误的影响.心理科学,36(1),175-182.
MLA	吴梦,et al."个体证券投资者自我效能感对赌徒谬误的影响".心理科学 36.1(2013):175-182.

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