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青少年创伤后应激反应发展轨迹及其风险因素:一年的追踪研究
其他题名A 1-year Longitudinal Study of PTSD Trajectories and Risk Factors among Adolescents
尹星
2014-05
摘要

创伤后应激障碍是灾害心理学研究的重要课题之一,我国是一个自然灾难频发的国家,如何有效地开展灾后心理援助,减少创伤后应激障碍等心理疾患的发生意义重大。探讨地震后青少年创伤应激反应发展轨迹类型及其风险因素为“哪些人需要心理干预”和“何时实施心理干预”提供科学依据,具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。本研究对直接经历“420”芦山地震的214名青少年学生进行一年的追踪调查,获得如下结论:
(1)地震后一年青少年创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状虽有所减缓,但PTSD总体检出率仍居高不下,在震后1个月、6个月和12个月PTSD检出率性别差异均不显著。
(2)潜类别增长分析表明,青少年创伤后应激反应存在四类发展轨迹,按照在人群中所占比例大小,分别为心理韧性(51.9%)、正常应激(34.6%)、延迟受损(8.4%)和心理恢复(5.1%)。心理韧性轨迹是经历创伤事件后最为普遍的发展模式。初步明确了心理恢复和延迟受损轨迹中的个体应该是灾后心理援助早期危机干预和持续干预的重点人群。
(3)性别、是否有留守经历、创伤暴露程度、震后两周是否有明显的焦虑情绪、震后两周是否检出急性应激障碍是创伤后应激反应发展轨迹的重要风险因素。这一结论提示灾后心理干预宜早不宜迟。
(4)心理韧性、正常应激、延迟受损和心理恢复四类轨迹,在焦虑、抑郁和压力反应消极情绪体验上具有显著的差异。在震后12个月时,正常应激和心理恢复轨迹间消极情绪体验无显著差异。

其他摘要

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of an important research subject in present trauma field. Because of frequent natural disasters around China,how to make psychological assistance work effectively for Reducing the incidence rate of PTSDand other psychophysiological diseases make a big difference.It is investigate the trajectory ofposttraumatic stress reaction and related risk factors that provide scientific basis for “who needs psychological intervention” and “when exerts psychological intervention”.Therefore, the studyof PTSD trajectory and impact factors among adolescents after natural disaster hastheoretical and practical significance.A 1-year longitudinal study of 214 adolescents was conducted and participates were assessed after 2013 Ms. 7.0 Lushan earthquake. The conclusions were drawn as follows:
Firstly, Although the symptoms of PTSD have reduced one year after earthquake, the Incidence of PTSD among adolescents still remained high; There is no significant difference in PTSD incidence at 1, 3, 12 months after the earthquake.
Secondly, four latent classes were identified for posttraumatic stress reaction among adolescents by using latent class growth analysis (LCGA), According to the proportion of each trajectory ranking; the four trajectories are resilience (51.9%), normal (34.6%), delayed distress (8.4%) and recovered (5.1%). Resilience is common trajectory after the earthquake. These results first made it clear that the individuals in delayed distress trajectory as well as recovered were target population in early and continuous psychological intervention.
Thirdly, gender, left-behind experience, trauma exposure, whether or not detection of obvious anxiety as well as acute stress disorder (ASD) two weeks after the earthquake were significant risk factors for PTSD trajectory. These results suggested that psychological intervention must be filled sooner rather than later.
Finally, by comparing the negative emotional experience within four trajectories, we found significant differences on depression, anxiety and stress responseamong resilience, normal, delayed distress and recovered. At the 12 month after the earthquake, there was no significant difference between normal and recovered group.

学科领域应用心理学
关键词青少年 创伤后应激障碍 潜类别增长分析 追踪研究
学位类型硕士
语种中文
学位专业心理学
学位授予单位中国科学院研究生院
学位授予地点北京
文献类型学位论文
条目标识符http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/19749
专题认知与发展心理学研究室
作者单位中国科学院心理研究所
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
尹星. 青少年创伤后应激反应发展轨迹及其风险因素:一年的追踪研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院,2014.
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