认知与发展心理学研究室知识库

在对病理性网络使用（Pathological Internet Use ,PIU）的研究领域中，自尊是其中最受关注的个性影响因素之一。研究发现自尊是PIU的一个较好的预测因子，但既往大部分研究以具有PIU倾向者为被试，极少以社会功能严重受损的住院PIU者为被试，也尚未对PIU者这一特殊人群的自尊与其相关因素的关系进行探析。因此本研究尝试对住院PIU者的自尊与其相关因素的关系进行探讨，以期为PIU的防治工作提供参考信息。本研究选取来自青少年心理成长基地，符合《网络成瘾临床诊断标准》的115例住院患者为研究组。调查方法为问卷调查结合临床访谈法，使用工具：缺陷感量表、症状自评量表、社会支持评定量表、家庭环境量表中文版、父母养育方式评定量表、人际关系综合诊断量表、应付方式问卷。根据频率（性别、学龄）对照原则随机选取115名非PIU者进行缺陷感量表测试。主要结果如下： ? PIU者自尊显著低于非PIU者（t=-16.565～-6.853, p<0.001）。 ? 高中阶段的PIU者的自尊比初中阶段、大学阶段的PIU者的自尊更低（F =4.985～16.181, p<0.01）。 ? 自尊与社会支持呈正相关（r=0.186～0.431，p<0.05），客观支持、支持利用度对自尊具有正向预测作用(R2=0.075～0.186)。 ? 自尊与心理健康呈负相关（r=-0.494～-0.185，p<0.05），自敬自尊对心理健康有负向预测作用（R2=0.050～0.345）。 ? 父母情感温暖与理解，父母拒绝与否认，父亲惩罚严厉，亲密度﹑情感表达﹑独立性﹑成功性﹑知识文化性﹑娱乐性﹑道德宗教观﹑组织性﹑控制性与自尊呈正相关（r=0.193～0.518, p<0.05）；父亲过分干涉﹑母亲干涉保护﹑矛盾性与自尊呈负相关（r=-0.341～-0.210, p<0.05）。母亲干涉保护、母亲拒绝否认及组织性、娱乐性、独立性、亲密度、情感表达、道德宗教观﹑控制性对自尊具有重要预测作用（R2=0.100～0.541）。 ? 自尊与人际困扰呈负相关（r=-0.426～-0.198, p<0.05）；学习自信与自敬自尊对人际困扰有负向预测作用（R2=0.102～0.182）。 ? 自尊与自责﹑幻想呈负相关（r=-0.210～-0.197，p<0.05）；自尊与问题解决﹑求助呈正相关（r =0.194～0.370，p<0.05）；自敬自尊对自责﹑幻想有负向预测作用，对解决问题有正向预测作用(R2=0.039～0.137)；社交自信对求助有正向预测作用（R2= 0.106)。 通过以上结果推论：PIU者存在低自尊问题，同时其自尊受学龄因素影响。客观支持、支持利用度有利于PIU者自尊的形成和发展；母亲的过渡干涉、保护不利于PIU者社交自信的建立，母亲的拒绝否认有利于PIU者体能自信的建立；良好的家庭环境对PIU者自尊的形成和发展具有重要作用。PIU者自尊越低其越倾向于采取幻想、自责的应对方式，这可能导致其更糟糕的心理健康状况和更多的人际困扰，以致沉溺网络虚拟世界。

Self-esteem is identified as one of the most important personality factors for Pathological Internet Use (PIU). However, previous studies were mostly preferred to choose school students with PIU tendencies as subjects than hospitalized patients with PIU. In addition, the relationship between self-esteem and its related factors among this special population of patients with PIU has not been studied yet. To explore self-esteem and its related factors among participants with PIU, 115 participants were selected from the patients in the General Hospital of Beijing Military Region meeting the “diagnostic criteria for Internet Addiction”. Questionnaire plus clinical interview methods were used in the process of investigation, and the research tools include the “diagnostic criteria for Internet Addiction”, the Feelings of Inadequacy Scale (FIS), Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Family environment questionnaire(FES-CV), Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran (EMBU), Interpersonal Relationship questionnaire Scale, and Coping styles questionnaire. In addition, 115 students without PIU selected from Beijing according to frequency (sex, age) were asked to fill in the Feelings of Inadequacy Scale (FIS). All the data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0. The main results are shown below:(1) Compared with the control group, the PIU group was lower in each factors of self-esteem（t=-16.565～-6.853, p<0.001).(2) Compared with Junior high school and college group, high school group was significantly lower in each factors of self-esteem in addition to physical confidence(F =4.985～16.181, p<0.01).(3) The self-esteem was significantly positively correlated with social support（r=0.186～0.431,p<0.05. Objective support, availability of social support had important predictive effects on each factor of self-esteem(R2=0.075～0.186).(4) The self-esteem was significantly negatively correlated with mental health（r=-0.494～-0.185，p<0.05）; The self- esteem had negatively predictive effects on the factors of mental health（R2=0.050～0.345）.(5) Parental emotional warmth, understanding and refusal, denial, father’s stern punishment in family upbringing and Cohesion, Expressiveness, Independence, Achievement Orientation, Intellectual-Cultural Orientation, Active-Recreational Orientation, Moral-Religious Emphasis, Organization, Control in family environment were rejection significantly positively correlated with the self-esteem(r=0.193～0.518,p<0.05); Mother’s overprotection,disproportionate interference, father’s disproportionate interference in family upbringing and conflict in family environment showed significantly negatively correlation with self-esteem of inpatients with PIU(r=-0.341～-0.210,p<0.05). Mother’s overprotection, disproportionate interference in family upbringing and Organization, Active-Recreational Orientation, Independence, Cohesion﹑Expressiveness, Moral-Religious Emphasis, Control in family environment had important predictive effects on self-esteem(R2=0.100～0.541).(6) The self-esteem was significantly negatively correlated with interpersonal disturbance(r=-0.198～-0.426, p<0.05). Self learning, self-respect had negatively predictive effects on the factors of interpersonal disturbance (R2=0.102～0.182).(7) The self-esteem was significantly negatively correlated with self-condemn and withdrawal(r=-0.210～-0.197, p<0.050). The self-esteem was significantly positively correlated with solving problems and seeking to help（r=0.194～0.370，p<0.05. Self-respect had negatively predictive effects on self-condemn and withdrawal, but had positively predictive effects on solving problems (R2=0.039～0.137). Confidence in social had positively predictive effects on seeking to help (R2= 0.106). These results can be deduced: PIU had a problem of poor self-esteem, while the self-esteem of PIU was affected by the age factors. Objective support and availability of social support had an important and positively role on the formation and development of self-esteem of in-patients with PIU when they were in trouble. Mother’s overprotection and disproportionate interference had an negatively role on the formation and development of social confidence of PIU, while mother’s refusal, denial had an positively role on the formation and development of physical confidence of pathological Internet user. Organization, Active-Recreational Orientation, Independence, Cohesion, Expressiveness, Moral-Religious Emphasis, Control in family environment were very beneficial to the self-esteem of PIU. More lack of self-worth and more likely to choose the coping of self-condemn and fantasy, that could lead to worse mental health and more interpersonal disturbance. Eventually they were divorced from real life and indulging in online.