认知与发展心理学研究室知识库

随着我国现代化的进程加快，大量劳动力由中西部经济相对落后地区转移至一、二线城市，由此引发的儿童留守现象渐渐成为社会民生关注的一个热点；相较于中部非少数民族地区，少数民族地区相对偏远落后，对该地区留守儿童的研究也逐步开始。以往关于少数民族地区留守儿童的研究，大部分将“留守”因素作为一个对儿童学习和心理健康等方面有不良影响的因素，站在此角度上的研究更多地考察儿童的心理问题和不良行为；心理韧性作为经历生活事件受挫后表现出积极的心理品质，于“留守情境”中的儿童而言有可能是一种积极的心理特质。云南少数民族农村地区山高谷深，具有天然地域隔离的研究特点，本研究将从积极心理学的角度出发，考察该地区留守儿童的心理韧性特点及其与自我效能感的关系，在此基础上设计干预方案以期ᨀ高该地区留守儿童心理韧性。在此研究基础上，通过一系列自我效能感的实验干预训练，证实少数民族地区留守儿童心理韧性水平的可训练性，关注边疆少数民族儿童成长。
本研究包含了两个部分：首先，采用了问卷调查的研究方法对少数民族地区留守儿童进行了问卷测试和数据分析；然后，在数据基础支持下，设计干预实验，在专业心理咨询督导下对少数民族留守儿童进行了时长两个月的一般自我效能感训练。研究结果如下：
基础研究的结果是： 少数民族地区留守儿童与当地非留守儿童的一般自我效能感没有差别；少数民族地区留守儿童心理韧性比当地非留守儿童低；少数民族地区留守儿童的一般自我效能感和心理韧性总分及心理韧性的各个维度分数均存在显著正相关；
实验干预结果表明：通过实验干预，少数民族地区留守儿童的一般自我效能感得到显著
提高，同时使得心理韧性水平得到显著ᨀ高。
本研究获得如下结论：少数民族地区留守儿童心理韧性得分低于该地区非留守儿童，但是，和其他群体研究结果类似，其心理韧性和自我效能感关系密切，通过自我效能感团体干预训练能够有效ᨀ高其心理韧性水平。

With the growing trend of modernization, a large amount of labor has been moving from the underdeveloped western China to the developed cities in China. As a result, left-behind children issue becomes a cental issue. The issue was focused on the Han Chinese children, but now it’s also about ethnic minority Chinese children. On the other hand, the literatures on left-behind children were mainly about the negative effect of being left. The positive side of the left-behind children had not been fully studied. However, resilience is a quality cultivated by childhood frustration which should be paid more attention to. With a natural study condition in the pure  mountainous area of Yunnan province, this thesis studies the features of resilience and its relationship with self-efficacy in respect of positive psychology. Then an intervention project is designed to improve the resilience of left-behind children by practices. It shows that the resilience is malleable and encourages us to help left-behind children. 
This thesis includes two studies, a  survey  and a psychological intervention. The survey provides datas to design the two months experimental intervention study by self-efficacy training with psychological counseling. The difference between left-behind children in ethnic minority areas and local children is not significant.  The psychological resilience of left-behind children is significantly lower than local children. The  general self-efficacy is positively correlated with psychological resilience and with each dimension of psychological resilience
The  self-efficacy of  left-behind children is significantly improved by intervention. The psychological resilience of left-behind children is significantly improved by intervention.  
Similar  to  other  researches in this field,  self-efficacy closely correlates with  psychological resilience. The psychological resilience can be improved by group intervention. This thesis comes to the conclusion that the  psychological resilience of  left-behind children is improved by intervention.