认知与发展心理学研究室知识库

    本研究在语篇的韵律结构和信息结构两个层面上，探讨了重读和信息结构的对应关系对口语语篇理解的影响、以及重读影响语篇理解加工的原因和时间特点。研究的核心是汉语口语语篇理解过程中重读的作用。采用听觉动窗技术、跨通道词汇再认、双重任务范式和ERP技术相结合的方法。
    本研究得出了以下结论:
    1、与无强调重读的控制条件相比，一致性重读加速口语语篇的临场加工过程;不一致性重读减慢口语语篇的临场加工过程。
    2、与无强调重读的控制条件相比，一致性重读提高被重读的新信息在语篇表征中的激活水平，产生相对较好的语篇加工效果;不一致性重读虽然会提高被重读的旧信息在语篇表征中的激活水平，但是会抑制新信息的激活，产生相对较差的语篇加工效果。重读的这种促进或抑制作用在关键词汇结束(C offset)后的500 ms或1000 ms就早已表现出来。
    3、口语语篇理解过程中，重读影响的是当前词汇与先前语境的语义整合过程。重读的意义解释与新旧语义信息的加工存在关联。
    4、口语语篇理解过程中，一方面重读具有调控注意资源分配的作用，使得更多的注意资源分配给被重读的信息;另一方面重读与否传达着不同的信息加工方式，听者对重读的信息进行自下而上的加工、对不重读的信息进行自上而下的加工。
    5、口语语篇理解过程中，首先表现出重读的效应;然后出现信息状态效应;接着听者把重读和信息状态信息相整合。在听到被重读双字词的一半左右，听者已开始把重读信息与信息状态信息相整合来解释语篇的意义。

    This research investigated the role of accent in spoken discourse comprehension
concerning the effects of correspondence between accent and information structure on spoken discourse comprehension, the internal mechanism and the time coarse of accent effects during spoken discourse comprehension. This research used the methods of auditory moving window technique, cross-model word recognition, double-task paradigm and ERP technique.
    The main results were:
    1、Compared to neutral accentuation, consistent accentuation speeded up the on-line processing of spoken discourse, inconsistent accentuation slowed down the on-line processing of spoken discourse.
    2、Compared to neutral accentuation, consistent accentuation enhanced the activation of new information in discourse representation, hence bring forth a better result of discourse comprehension; although inconsistent accentuation enhanced the activation of old information in discourse representation, it inhibited the activation of new information, hence bring forth a worse result of discourse comprehension. The facilitating and inhibiting effects of accent occurred about 500 ms or 1000 ms after the offset of critical word.
    3、During spoken discourse comprehension, what accent influenced was the semantic integration between current word and previous context. Listener interpreted accent at "new-given" semantic level.
    4、During spoken discourse comprehension, on the one hand, accent could modulate attention allocation, more attention was directed to information which was accented; on the other hand, accent and deaccent indicate that the information they marked would be interpreted in qualitatively different ways, accentuation leaded listener to interpret the correspondent information from the bottom-up input, deaccentuation leaded listener to try to map the correspondent information onto the restricted set of activated informatidn.
    5、During spoken discourse comprehension, accent effect came first which was followed by information structure effect. Shortly after the occurrence of information structure effect, accent and information structure were integrated. Listener began to integrate accent and information structure to interpret discourse when he only heard about half of the accented double-character word.