认知与发展心理学研究室知识库

采用事件相关电位技术和三类刺激的经典oddball范式,以内隐的方式探讨内倾特质个体的自我参照加工程度效应及其神经机制。实验发现,在P2的波幅上,在头皮前部电极、头皮前中部电极和中部电极高自我相关的刺激比其它刺激诱发了更大的P2波幅。在P2的潜伏期上,在头皮前部电极、中部电极、和中后部电极高自我相关的刺激比其它刺激诱发了更短的潜伏期。在N2的波幅上,高自我相关名字比其它刺激在左脑所诱发了更大的P2的波幅;对比内倾特质被试,中间型被试的高自我相关名字比其它刺激诱发了更大的N2的波幅。在N2的潜伏期上,高自我相关的刺激在全脑都比其它刺激诱发了更短的N2潜伏期,且中后部电极位置的潜伏期最短;两类人格被试的高自我相关名字比其它刺激诱发了更短的N2潜伏期,但中间型人格被试的潜伏期最短。在P3平均波幅上,高自我相关的刺激在全脑都比其它刺激诱发了更大的P3波幅,其中中部脑区效应最大。研究结果表明内倾特质个体的自我参照加工具有程度效应,但对比中间型个体,内倾特质个体的自我参照加工的程度效应更弱。

The self-reference effect is the enhanced speed and quality of processing and memorization observed with respect to information that is related to the individual's self-concept. According to previous research, the self-reference effect is different in terms of different degrees of intimacy with the core self. Moreover, the brain process is different in its self-reference data treatment. Highly self-relevant stimuli will get faster responses compared with the minimally self-relevant stimuli in the brain. This is called the degree of self-reference processing effect. On the basis of summarizing the previous research, this study uses the event related potential technology to experimentally investigate the degree of the self-reference processing effect in special subjects and the associated neural mechanisms.  The experiment adopted three kinds of classical oddball models, using an implicit way to investigate the introverted individuals self-reference processing degree effect. The experiment used three-character non-name lexical phrases as the standard stimulus and a three-character non-lexical phrase as target stimuli. Six categories of stimuli were used in the three-stimulus oddball paradigm. Three sets of self-relevant stimuli, the non-self- relevant stimulus, and two filler stimuli were served as distracters. The name of each participant was used as the highly self-relevant stimulus, and the name of participant's father was used as the moderating self-relevant stimulus. The name of a Chinese leader was used as the minimally self-relevant stimulus, and the name of the president of the United States was served as the non-self-relevant stimulus. All names were long. Familiarity was equivalent (see below) across all sets of stimulus names. All name stimuli were made into images on a PC using Microsoft Office Picture Manager. Image size, word length, and complexity were matched across the name conditions.  We found that on the P2 amplitude, the highly self-related stimuli transmitted via the electrodes at the front and central and front-central positions induced greater P2 amplitude than other stimuli. On the latent period of P2 and via the electrodes placed in the front, central, and parietal positions, the highly self-related stimulation induced was shorter than other stimuli. In N2 amplitude, the highly self-related name induced larger P2 amplitude than other stimuli in the left brain. Compared with introversive subjects, the control group subjects who were stimulated with highly self- relevant names induced larger amplitude of N2 than other stimulations. In the latent period of N2, highly self-relevant stimuli in the whole brain induced the short latent period of N2, which was better than other stimuli, and that induced via the central-parietal positioned electrodes was the shortest. Highly self-relevant names in two types of personality subjects induced shorter incubation period of N2 than other stimuli, but the control group subjects was the shortest. On average amplitude of P3, highly self-relevant stimuli in the whole brain induced by the P3 amplitude were bigger than other stimuli. The effect of midline brain regions was the largest.  Research results showed that there was degree of self-reference processing to the self-reference effect. Highly self-relevant stimuli obtained deeper and more exquisite processing than moderately and minimally self-relevant stimuli. Compared with the control group, the introversive subject was weaker in the degree of self-reference processing effect. And in early stages, highly self-relevant stimuli in the control group individuals induced faster processing in the brain than the minimally self-related stimuli. In the later stage of cognition, highly self-relevant stimuli obtained deeper and more elaborate processing.