中国科学院心理健康重点实验室知识库

背景大学新生刚进入新校园,环境适应等问题容易引发焦虑、抑郁等各种不良情绪,其心理健康问题值得关注。研究发现D型人格是大学生抑郁的危险因素。但既往研究多采用横向研究,难以区分是人格因素影响了抑郁,还是抑郁影响了人格。而且没有考虑领悟家庭支持在新生适应中的作用。目的考察领悟家庭支持对D型人格与大学新生抑郁关系的调节作用。方法采用整群抽样法,于2017年10—12月选取某大学2017级全部新生1 428名为研究对象。采用纵向研究的方法分两次收集数据,于2017年10月第1次发放问卷1 428份,包括人口学等一般性资料、健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9)、D型人格量表(DS-14)、领悟社会支持量表(PSSS),实际回收1 403份,有效问卷1 350份,有效回收率为94.54%;2017年12月第2次发放问卷1 425份,包括PHQ-9,实际回收1 398份,有效问卷1 270份,有效回收率为89.12%。纳入两次均有效的问卷1 224份。其中DS-14包括负性情感、社会抑制维度,PSSS调查领悟家庭支持维度。结果 1 224例大学新生D型人格检出率为16.01%(196/1 224),抑郁检出率为11.68%(143/1 224)。相关性分析结果显示,负性情感得分和社会抑制得分与PHQ-9得分均呈正相关(P<0.01),与领悟家庭支持得分均呈负相关(P<0.01);领悟家庭支持得分与PHQ-9得分呈负相关(P<0.01)。回归分析结果显示,负性情感得分、社会抑制得分均显著正向预测PHQ-9得分(β=0.225,P<0.001;β=0.077,P<0.001),负性情感得分和领悟家庭支持得分的交互项、社会抑制得分和领悟家庭支持得分的交互项均显著负向预测PHQ-9得分(β=-0.052,P<0.05;β=-0.328,P<0.001)。结论 D型人格能预测大学新生的抑郁,但是领悟家庭支持可以缓冲D型人格对大学新生抑郁的影响。

Background Attention needs to be paid to the mental health among college freshmen，a group of people who are prone to anxiety，depression and other mental health problems due to adaptation to the environment of the new campus. Type D personality has been found to be a risk factor for depression in this group. However，most previous studies are crosssectional，and according to which，it is difficult to determine whether personality negatively affects depression or vice versa. Moreover，the role of perceived family support has been ignored in freshmen's adaption to the new campus life. Objective To investigate the role of perceived family support in the relationship between type D personality and depression in college freshmen. Methods This study was carried out with a longitudinal design. By cluster sampling，1 428 freshmen admitted in 2017 were recruited from a college during October to December 2017.They received two questionnaire surveys，one was in October 2017，for investigating their demographic data，prevalence of depression assessed by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire （PHQ-9），prevalence of type D personality assessed by the 14-item Type D Scale（DS-14，consisting of negative affectivity and social inhibition domains），and the perceived family support assessed by the perceived family support domain in the Perceived Social Support Scale（PSSS），and another one was in December 2017，for investigating the prevalence of depression using the PHQ-9 again. The first one achieved a response rate of 94.54%（1 403 of the 1 428 cases returned questionnaires and 1 350 gave effective response），and the second one achieved a response rate of 89.12%（1 398 of 1 425 returned questionnaires and 1 270 gave effective response）.1 224 cases who effectively responded to both surveys were included for final analysis. Results The prevalence of type D personality，and depression was 16.01%（196/1 224），and 11.68%（143/1 224），respectively. In correlation analysis，the score of negative affectivity or the score of social inhibition was positively associated with the PHQ-9 score（P<0.01）.The score of perceived family support was negatively correlated with that of negative affectivity，social inhibition and the PHQ-9 （P<0.01）.Logistic regression analysis revealed that both negative affectivity score（β=0.225，P<0.001） and social inhibition score（β=0.077，P<0.001） were positively associated with the PHQ-9 score. Perceived family support played a moderator role in the relationship between the negative affectivity score and PHQ-9 score （β=-0.052，P<0.05），and between the social inhibition score and PHQ-9 score（β=-0.328，P<0.05） .Conclusion Type D personality may be associated with increased risk of depression in college freshmen，but its negative impact may be buffered by perceived family support.