| 自然刺激脑功能影像应用于表征个体差异的信度和实例研究 | |
| Alternative Title | Reliability and Application Studies of Naturalistic Functional Neuroimaging Applied to Characterize Individual Differences |
| 高嘉祺 | |
| Contributor | 杨志 |
| 2021-06 | |
| Abstract | 了解脑功能的个体差异是神经科学的基本目标之一。自然刺激影像诱发人脑活动在接近生活的场景下的个体差异。与多次重复简单刺激的范式相比，自然刺激范式与外部世界更相似、有更好的生态学效度，使其成为具有前景的个体化研究范式。寻找能够表征心理或精神特征个体差异的生物标记是认知神经科学的重要任务，而信度是生物标记被广泛承认和应用的基本前提。本文报告了三项研究，旨在检验自然刺激影像方法所反映的个体差异的信度，并在临床心理研究中检验该方法反映个体差异、辨识不同群体的能力。 研究一利用重复测量数据检验自然刺激影像反映的个体脑活动差异的信度，并对比自然风景和社会情感内容在反映个体差异中的信度差异。我们招募了24名健康被试，间隔一周两次收集他们的静息状态、观看自然刺激（电影A：自然风光，电影B：具有丰富社会情感的片段）的脑影像数据和一系列行为数据。使用Mantel test检验自然刺激中被试间相关性所表达的个体间关系的信度，并比较脑影像数据与行为测试的信度。结果表明：（1）一部分大脑区域可以稳定地表征被试间关系，并且颞上叶表现出与状态特质焦虑量表（STAI）的状态分量表相当的稳定性；（2）高度稳定地表达个体差异的脑区可以在具有不同内容的情感电影中保持这种能力，因而可能反映个体“特质”；（3）具有社会情感内容有助于提高自然刺激表达脑活动个体差异的信度。 研究二利用以上的重测数据验证自然刺激影像的个体指标——典型性系数的信度和个体识别能力。典型性系数反映个体与组平均时间序列的相似性。我们分别探究了在感兴趣区尺度和网络尺度下的功能连接、局部一致性、低频振幅、时间序列、被试典型性系数在不同的刺激条件下（静息态、风景电影，情感电影）识别两次扫描是否为同一个被试的能力。结果表明：（1）一部分大脑区域可以稳定地表征被试典型性系数，在这些区域，被试处于组的相对位置保持一致。（2）无论是哪种空间尺度，功能连接、局部一致性、低频振幅的识别正确率均高于时间序列、典型性系数，但在三种不同的刺激条件下无显著差异，而时间序列和典型性系数在具有丰富情节的电影识别度更高。（3）功能连接、局部一致性、低频振幅的识别正确率更易受到空间尺度的影响。 研究三将自然刺激范式应用于经历重大应激事件的人员的脑功能研究中，检验了自然刺激范式反映个体差异及群体差异的能力。本研究采集了44名经历同一重大应激事件的受试者（实验组）和未经历此事件，但职业、年龄等匹配的对照组39人在观看5段电影片段时的脑影像数据和一系列行为量表，其中2段为实验组亲身经历相关的电影材料。我们比较了不同组别在被试间一致性的差异。结果表明：（1）在不同的电影片段上有不同的脑区表征着实验组和对照组的组内脑活动一致性差异；（2）上述感兴趣区在具有更高被试间一致性时，也体现了更高的功能连接；（3）使用脑指标——被试典型性系数预测被试组别分类比用行为分数预测被试组别分类的准确性略高；（4）对随访脑影像数据的分析显示，在和创伤经历相关的这些脑区中有一部分脑区在半年后恢复到和对照组相似，还有一部分脑区无恢复；（5）这些与创伤经历相关的脑区活动也与特定的行为相关。 本研究的结果支持自然刺激影像方法能够稳定和有效反映脑活动的个体差异，为自然刺激影像的临床应用提供了重要基础。研究中发现的在自然刺激影像中具有较高信度的脑区为未来研究大脑功能的个体差异，实现基于神经影像的精神疾病识别提出了目标区域。通过应用研究我们也验证了自然刺激范式在临床心理学应用中的优势。 |
| Other Abstract | Understanding individual differences in brain function is one of the fundamental goals of neuroscience. Natural stimulus imaging induces individual differences in brain responses in near-life scenarios. The natural stimulus paradigm is more similar to the external world and has better ecological validity than the paradigm of multiple repetitions of simple stimuli, making it a promising paradigm for individualized research. The search for biomarkers that characterize individual differences in mental or psychological traits is an important task in cognitive neuroscience, and the reliability is a fundamental prerequisite for biomarkers to be widely recognized and applied. This dissertation reports three studies designed to test the reliability of individual differences reflected by the natural stimulus imaging method and to test the ability of the method to reflect individual differences and identify different groups in clinical psychological research. Study 1 used repeated measures data to examine the reliability of individual differences in brain activity reflected by naturalistic stimulus imaging and to compare the differences in the reliability of naturalistic scenery and social-emotional content in reflecting individual differences. 24 healthy subjects were recruited and their resting-state, brain imaging data from viewing natural stimuli (Movie A: natural scenery, Movie B: emotionally rich clips) and a series of behavioral data were collected twice a week apart. The Mantel test was used to examine the reliability of inter-individual relationships expressed by the inter-subject correlation in the naturalistic imaging and to compare the reliability of the brain imaging data with that of the behavioral test. The results showed that: (1) The certain brain regions were stable in characterizing inter-subject correlation and the superior temporal lobe showed comparable stability to the state subscale of the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI); (2) brain regions that were highly stable in expressing individual differences could maintain this ability in emotional movies with different content and thus may reflect individual "traits"; and (3) social-emotional content contributes to the reliability of individual differences in natural stimulus expression of brain activity. Study 2 used the above test-retest data to verify the reliability and individual discrimination of the typicality coefficient, an individual indicator of naturalistic imaging. The typicality coefficient reflects the similarity of individual and group- averaged time series. We investigated the ability to identify whether two sessions were of the same subject under different stimulus conditions (resting-state, natural scenery, and emotionally rich clips) at the region of interest scale and network scale for functional connectivity, reho, alff, time series, and subject typicality coefficients, respectively. The results showed that: (1) The certain brain regions could consistently characterize subject typicality coefficient, and in these regions, the relative position of subjects in the group remained consistent; (2) the correct recognition rates of functional connectivity, reho, and alff were higher than those of time series and typicality coefficient at either spatial scale, but there were no significant differences in the three different stimulus conditions, while time series and typicality coefficients showed higher recognition accuracy in movies with emotionally rich clips than those with natural scenery; (3) The recognition accuracy of functional connectivity, reho, and alff were more susceptible to spatial scale. Study 3 applied the natural stimulus paradigm to a study of brain function in participants experiencing a major stressful event and tested the ability of the natural stimulus paradigm to reflect individual differences and group differences. In this study, brain imaging data and a series of behavioral scales were collected from 44 participants experiencing the same major stressful event (experiment group) and 39 participants with the same occupation and age range (control group) while watching 5 movie clips, 2 of which were movie material related to first-hand experiences of the experiment group. We compared the differences in inter-subject correlation across the groups. The results showed that: (1) Different brain regions in different movie clips characterized inter-subject correlation differences between the groups; (2) the above-mentioned regions of interest also reflected higher functional connectivity when they had higher inter-subject correlation; (3) using subject typicality coefficient to predict the participants’ group was slightly more accurate than using behavioral scores; (4) some of these brain areas associated with traumatic experiences recovered to a similar level as control group after six months, and some did not; (5) the activity in these brain regions associated with traumatic experiences was also associated with specific behaviors. The results of these studies support the ability of the natural stimulus imaging methods to reflect individual differences stably and effectively in brain activity, providing an important basis for the clinical application of natural stimulus imaging. The reliable brain regions identified in the study suggest target regions for future studies of individual differences in brain function and the realization of neuroimaging-based diagnosis of mental disorders. We also verified the advantages of the natural stimulation paradigm in clinical psychological applications. |
| Keyword | 被试间相关 个体差异 电影范式 自然刺激成像 重复测量信度 |
| Subtype | 博士 |
| Language | 中文 |
| Degree Name | 理学博士 |
| Degree Discipline | 认知神经科学 |
| Degree Grantor | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| Place of Conferral | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| Document Type | 学位论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/39607 |
| Collection | 认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | 高嘉祺. 自然刺激脑功能影像应用于表征个体差异的信度和实例研究[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院心理研究所,2021. |
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| 高嘉祺-博士学位论文.pdf（5139KB） | 学位论文 | 限制开放 | CC BY-NC-SA | Application Full Text | ||
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