| 其他摘要 | Excellent volitional quality is a key factor for individuals to cope with stress, achieve goals, and achieve success. Individuals with weak volitional quality are prone to addiction, depression, and even suicide under long-term stress conditions. Childhood is a crucial period for the cultivation of volitional quality, which directly affects the mental health of personality shaping and lifelong development. However, due to the difficulty of empirical research on the scientific problem of volition, the research of related volition in the current psychology is becoming weaker, and there is a lack of empirical research on the quality of children's volition. This research aims to explore the role of physical exercise in promoting the volitional quality of children through cross-sectional research and quasi-experimental research. On the one hand, it enriches the empirical research evidence of volitional quality, on the other hand, it provides effective volitional quality training for school education and family education on ways and methods.Research 1 uses the “Scale of Teenagers’ Willpower” to conduct a questionnaire survey on the status of the volitional quality of 286 primary and sixth grade pupils in a certain primary school. It aims to describe the trend of normal children's volitional quality with age, and focus on exploring participation. The results showed that, 1、There is a significant difference in the total scores of volitional quality between the first grade and the second to sixth grade children (p <0.05), and there is no significant difference between the other grades (p >0.05). 2、Children who participate in sports interest classes to carry out independent physical exercises have higher scores on the total score of the quality of volition in the amount of physical activity above the medium intensity, 30 minutes or more each time, and 3 times a week. 3、There is a significant positive correlation between the total scores of children's volition quality and Chinese, English, mathematics and total scores of children who participate in sports interest classes and carry out independent physical exercises (r = 0.36, p < 0.01; r = 0.32, p < 0.01; r = 0.32, p < 0.01; r = 0.43, p < 0.01).Based on this, Study 2 adopts the method of quasi-experimental design and uses the winter sports as an intervention method to explore the impact of three months of physical activity on children's volitional quality, the independent variables were group (experimental group and control group) and time (before and after the intervention). The results found that: the total score of volitional quality, toughness and consciousness have significant interactions in group and time (F = 7.03, p < 0.05, ƞ² = 0.08; F = 4.26, p < 0.05, ƞ² = 0.05; F = 7.07, p < 0.05, ƞ² = 0.08). Analysis of the results between the two groups in the post-test found that the total scores of volitional quality, toughness and consciousness of the children in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (t = 20.50, p < 0.001; t =4.26, p <0.05) ; t = 6.33, p < 0.001). The analysis within the group found that the total scores of volitional quality, toughness, and consciousness of the experimental group after intervention were significantly higher than those before the intervention (t = -35.19, p < 0.001; t = -9.57, p < 0.001; t = -7.86, p < 0.001). This result suggests that systematic winter sports training have a positive effect on the volitional quality of first grade primary school children.In summary, primary school children's volitional quality showed a trend of improving first and then developing steadily; 1 to 2 grade children may be the important period of the development of children's volitional quality. In addition, the study also found that winter sports can significantly improve the quality of the first- grade children's volition. These research findings provide an important reference way for school education and family education to cultivate children's excellent volitional quality, also provide a scientific basis for government departments to formulate relevant education policies. |
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