中国科学院心理健康重点实验室知识库

目的：以布朗芬布伦纳的生态系统理论为依据，检验疫情居家期间父母教养方式、复学后遭受欺凌受害的情况与高中生抑郁症状之间的关系。方法：采用爱荷华青年和家庭项目中的自评教养问卷（Parenting Style Scale）、儿童抑郁量表（Children’s Depression Inventory,CDI）及特拉华欺凌受害量表(学生卷)(DBVS-S)在复学后6周对广西某市某县级中学高一、高二两个年级的1379名学生进行调查。结果：母亲积极教养方式和父亲积极教养方式均与抑郁呈负相关；母亲消极教养方式和父亲消极教养方式均与抑郁呈正相关；母亲积极教养方式和父亲积极教养方式均与欺凌受害呈负相关；母亲消极教养方式和父亲消极教养方式均与欺凌受害呈正相关；欺凌受害与抑郁呈正相关。欺凌受害在母亲积极教养方式、母亲消极教养方式、父亲积极教养方式及父亲消极教养方式与抑郁的关系间中介效应显著。结论：居家期间父母的消极教养方式使孩子更易遭受欺凌受害,并引发抑郁症状；相反，居家期间父母的积极教养方式对孩子形成保护作用，使孩子不易成为欺凌受害者，因而不易产生抑郁症状。

Objective: Based on the ecosystems theories of Bronfenbrenner, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship of parenting styles during COVID- 19 isolation and bullying victimization and depression after returning to school. Methods: At the 6th week after returning to school, a total of 1379 senior high school students from a county middle school in Guangxi were investigated, using the Parenting Style Scale from Iowa Youth and Families Project, Children’s Depression Inventory and Delaware Bully Victimization Scale (Student Volume). Results: Both maternal positive parenting style and paternal positive parenting style had a negative correlation with depression of students(Ps<0.01). Both maternal negative parenting style and paternal negative parenting style had a positive correlation with students’depression(Ps<0.01). Both maternal positive parenting style and paternal negative parenting style had a negative correlation with bullying victimization(Pm<0.01, Pp<0.05). There was a positive correlation between negative parenting style and bullying victimization(Ps< 0.01). There was a positive correlation between bullying victimization and depression(Ps<0.01). Bullying victimization played a partial mediator role on the relationship between parenting styles and students’depression. Conclusion: The author concludes that negative parenting styles during COVID-19 isolation makes children more vulnerable to bullying and depressive symptoms; on the contrary, positive parenting styles during COVID-19 isolation has a protective effect on children, making them less likely to become victims of bullying victimization and thus less likely to develop depressive symptoms.