社会与工程心理学研究室知识库

新冠病毒的传播给国内以及世界范围内的民众带来了巨大损失，推进新冠疫苗的接种工作是阻断病毒传播和控制疫情扩散最为有效的方式之一。提高民众新冠疫苗接种意愿以促进新冠疫苗的积极接种是当前实现群体防护的重要任务。个体的新冠疫苗接种意愿受到诸多因素的影响，如对于疫苗的态度和信念、社会环境因素等。然而，这些影响因素在不同特质个体上的作用效果尚不明确，个体特质与因素影响效果间的作用关系仍需探讨。本论文针对新冠疫苗接种意愿的影响因素进行研究，研究内容主要分为五部分：新冠疫苗接种意愿因素框架的确认，因素影响效果测量工具的开发，因素效果在人群中反应模式和异质性的探究，因素效果子群体分组合理性的验证，个体特质与因素效果的复杂作用关系的探讨。研究一探究了中国背景下影响公众接种新冠病毒疫苗的关键因素。研究通过半结构化访谈进行数据收集，使用主题分析和主题建模相结合的方法进行数据分析，最终确定了十个关键因素，如疫苗的有效性和安全性、疫苗接种的便利性等。这些因素为公共卫生从业者提供了疫苗推广工作的潜在主题。

研究二遵循量表的开发流程开发和验证了因素重要性评估问卷(Factor Importance Evaluation Questionnaire for COVID-19 vaccine, FIEQ)。该问卷用于测量不同因素对个体疫苗接种意愿的影响效果。此外，研究还探究了因素效果在社会人口学变量间的差异。结果显示，性别层面不存在差异，而教育水平层面存在显著差异。相较于低教育水平，高教育水平的个体更重视感知益处和社会规范、来自参照群体的影响以及感知风险这三个因素；不同教育水平的个体在疫苗安全性的评估上没有显示出差异。该研究为个性化和有针对性的疫苗信息制定提供了依据。

研究三探究了个体对新冠疫苗相关影响因素的易感性差异，并结合社会人口学特征和心理特质来阐明不同易感性分组的关键预测变量。研究使用以个体为单位的分析方法确认了三种不同的易感性剖面，分别为“易感型”、“中等型”和“抵 抗型”。回归分析的结果表明，相较于“易感型”，年龄较大，开放性更高，宜人性、神经质和依赖构念水平更低的个体更可能属于“中等型”；主观社会经济地位和依赖构念水平更低的个体更可能属于“抵抗型”。

研究四基于研究三得到的易感性分组，在新数据集上验证了不同分组间信息说服效果的异质性。研究通过剖面分组、回归分析和异质性检验等步骤检查了信息在不同人群中的影响效果，结果发现包含疫苗安全性和感知风险的信息对疫苗接种意愿的影响存在人群间的异质性。该研究进一步证明了研究三结果的合理性，有助于针对性健康信息的制定和疫苗推广工作的开展。

研究五采用网络分析方法探索了个体特质与因素影响效果之间的作用关系。研究结果揭示了自我构念在个体特质与因素效果中的关键桥接作用，并确认了不同易感性分组下网络结构的相似性和网络强度的差异性。该研究表明，自我构念可以作为健康传播策略中的重点考虑特质，而在不同个体或群体间可能需要不同侧重点的公共卫生宣传策略。

综上所述，本论文系统考察了影响中国民众新冠疫苗接种意愿的多维因素，并检验了因素效果在群体中的异质性，探究了因素效果与个体特质间的复杂作用关系。本研究结合了公共卫生、心理学和数据科学多个学科的研究视角，这些发现为公共卫生决策者和实践者在设计和实施疫苗推广策略时提供了科学依据，为未来在疫苗接受度提升方面的研究提供了新的视角和方法，也进一步促进了健康传播和健康促进工作的开展。

The spread of the coronavirus has caused enormous damage to people both domestically and globally. Enhancing the uptake of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) vaccine is one of the most effective ways to stop virus transmission and control the pandemic spread. Increasing COVID-19 vaccination intention to promote active vaccine uptake is a vital task for achieving herd immunity. The willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine is influenced by various factors, such as attitudes and beliefs towards the vaccine, and socio-environmental factors. However, the effects of these factors on individuals with diverse characteristics remains to be clarified. The interaction between individual traits and the impact of these factors requires further investigation. This research investigates the factors influencing the willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, with the research content structured into five parts: identifying the framework of factors influencing vaccination willingness, developing tools to access factor impact, exploring response patterns and heterogeneity of factor effects among the population, validating the rationality of population segmentation based on factor effects, and investigating the complex interactions between individual traits and factor impacts.

The first study explored the key factors influencing the public’s willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine in China. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using a combination of thematic analysis and topic modeling. Ten key factors were identified, such as the effectiveness and safety of the vaccine, and the convenience of vaccination. These factors provide potential themes for public health practitioners to promote vaccination campaigns.

The second study followed the scale development process to develop and validate the Factor Importance Evaluation Questionnaire for COVID-19 vaccine (FIEQ). This questionnaire measures the impact of different factors on individuals’ willingness to receive the vaccine. Moreover, this study explored the differences in factor effects across sociodemographic variables. The results showed no gender differences but significant variations by education levels. Compared to those with lower education levels, individuals with higher education levels placed greater emphasis on perceived benefits and social norms, perceived influences from reference groups, and perceived risks. There were no differences in the evaluation of vaccine safety across different education levels. This study provides a basis for delivering personalized and targeted vaccine information.

The third study investigated the differences in individuals' susceptibility to factors related to the COVID-19 vaccine and identified key predictive variables for different susceptibility groups by combining sociodemographic characteristics and psychological traits. The study used a human-centered approach to identify three different susceptibility profiles: “The Susceptibles”, “The Moderates”, and “The Resilients”. Regression analysis results showed that, compared to“The Susceptibles”, individuals with older age, higher openness, lower agreeableness, lower neuroticism, and lower levels of interdependent self-construal were more likely to belong to“The Moderates”; individuals with lower subjective socioeconomic status and lower levels of interdependent self-construal were more likely to belong to“The Resilients”.

Based on the susceptibility groups identified in the third study, the fourth study validated the heterogeneity of persuasive effects of information among different groups using a new dataset. The study examined the effects of information on different populations through profile segmentation, regression analysis, and heterogeneity tests. Results showed that information containing vaccine safety and perceived risk had heterogeneous effects on vaccine willingness among different populations. This study further validated the results from the third study, aiding in the development of targeted health information and the implementation of vaccination promotion.

The fifth study employed a network analysis approach to explore the interaction between individual traits and the effects of influencing factors. The results revealed that self-construal plays a key bridging role between individual traits and factor effects. Moreover, this study confirmed the similarity of network structures and the differences in network strength among different susceptibility groups. This study suggests that self construal can be a key variable in health communication, and different public health promotion strategies may be needed for different individuals or groups.

In conclusion, this research systematically examines the multidimensional factors influencing the willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine in China, tests the heterogeneity of factor effects within the population, and explores the complex interactions between factor effects and individual traits. This research integrates perspectives from public health, psychology, and data science. The findings provide scientific evidence for public health policymakers and practitioners in designing and implementing vaccination promotion strategies, offer new perspectives and methods for future research on increasing vaccine acceptance, and further promote health communication and health promotion.