中国科学院行为科学重点实验室知识库

认知控制是个体在信息加工过程中,通过调配资源自上而下地对相关信息进行储存、计划和操控的过程.认知控制的研究包含选择性注意、冲突解决、工作记忆、认知灵活性、抑制控制等不同方面,每个方面都有其独特的毕生发展规律.结合心理物理学和神经影像学方法,揭示认知控制的发展规律,了解认知控制与其他心理功能发展的制衡与促进,探索认知控制的可塑性和认知训练,对于解决认知控制发展失衡所导致的成瘾行为障碍,以及年龄增长所带来的认知老化等问题有重要意义.目前,针对认知控制的大规模标准化测试依然欠缺,考虑到认知控制包含多个子维度,开发标准化测试集、建设常模数据库,并结合现有大数据分析技术,从不同层面检验认知控制及其发展的调控因素将是未来的发展重点.本文在对以往认知控制毕生发展相关研究进行梳理的基础上,分析了我国当前研究面临的机遇与挑战,并提出未来发展的规划与路线.

Cognitive control is the top-down process by which individuals store, plan, and manipulate relevant information through the deployment of resources during information processing. Cognitive control encompasses different research perspectives such as selective attention, conflict resolution, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control, each of which has its own unique lifelong developmental characteristics. It is of great significance to combine the psychophysical and neuroimaging techniques, in order to elucidate the developmental mechanism of cognitive control, investigate the delicate balance and interaction between cognitive control and other psychological functions, and explore the plasticity and training of cognitive control. This may contribute to solving the problems such as addictive behavioral disorders caused by the imbalance of cognitive control development as well as decline of cognitive control in cognitive aging. At present, large-scale standardized testing of cognitive control is still lacking. Considering that cognitive control consists of several sub-dimensions, future research should focus on the development of standardized test battery, the construction of normative databases, and the combination of existing big data analysis techniques to examine the developmental and regulatory factors of cognitive control at different levels. This review article analyzed the opportunities and challenges faced by the current research in China, and also proposed the future development plan and roadmap based on previous research on the lifelong development of cognitive control.