| 其他摘要 | Life is consist of uncertainty. When faced with uncertainty, people not only need to notice its existence, but also have the ability to tolerate it. Uncertainty tolerance (tolerance of uncertainty, TU) refers to the individual's tolerance for uncertain events or scenarios, and another concept corresponding to it is intolerance of uncertainty (IU), but low TU was considered to correspond to high IU. Previous studies have found that threatening stimuli under uncertain conditions are more likely to induce anxiety than deterministic conditions, and the intensity of threatening stimuli will also affect an individual's anxiety when faced with uncertain situations or stimuli. Under the same threat stimulus condition or imagined stimulus condition, the effect of individual IU levels and individual subjective perceptions of threat stimulus on the results was not examined, and the imagined threat experience was not the actual threat experience. Through two studies, this paper investigates the effect of IU on state anxiety, worry, and threat assessment under the condition of real experience of three different types of threatening stimuli (COVID-19, speech task, and electrical stimulation).
In study 1, a questionnaire survey was conducted to examine the effect of IU on state anxiety under the threat of the new crown epidemic for people who actually experienced the threat of the new crown epidemic. The results showed that IUS-12 score could predict state anxiety under high and low threat conditions; in the high threat group, the threat score played a partial mediating role in the effect of IUS-12 and state anxiety; but in the low threat group, threat score has no significant mediating role in the effect of IUS-12 and state anxiety. The new crown epidemic is a moderate threat to individuals.
Study 2 consisted of two experiments. In Experiment 1, a speech paradigm was used to further investigate the effect of IU on state anxiety and other factors in people without anxiety symptoms under the threat of verbal stressor stimulation. The results showed that: in both the definite threat group and the uncertain threat group, there was no significant difference in either the threat scores or state anxiety scores between the high and low IU individuals; under the definite threat and uncertain threat conditions, the anxiety level of the high IU individuals was significantly higher than that of the low IU individuals. Speech paradigms are a high-level threat to individuals.
In Experiment 2, the electrical stimulation paradigm was used to further investigate the effect of IU on state anxiety, worry and threat appraise in the trait anxiety population under the threat of electrical stimulation. It was found that electrical stimulation was moderately threatening stimulation for individuals. The galvanic skin activity level of the uncertain threat group was significantly higher than that of the definite threat group, but there was no significant difference in state anxiety; in the uncertain threat group, the state anxiety of individuals with high IU was significantly higher than that of individuals with low IU, But, there was no significant difference in the galvanic skin activity of individuals with high and low IU; high IU individuals were significantly more worried than low IU individuals in both the uncertain threat group and the definite threat group. The moderately painful electrical stimulation is a medium-level threat to individuals.
This paper explores the effect of IU on state anxiety, worry, and the degree of threat felt by individuals under three real threat stimuli conditions, and finds that the effect of IU level on state anxiety is affected by the degree of threat that may be subjectively perceived. IU level is an effective indicator for predicting the degree of anxiety of individuals under the threat of electrical stimulation and actual experience of speech tasks. Moreover, the new crown epidemic is a medium-level threat to individuals, a speech task is a high-level threat to individuals, and moderately painful electrical stimulation is a medium-level threat to individuals. |
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