| 其他摘要 | Touch is an important sense of human beings. Line drawings are extremely useful to blind people, but identifying them by touch is far from easy. Past research demonstrates that many factors influence the tactile drawings recognition. However, line drawings of three-dimensional objects design for blind people based on knowledge about visual (rather than haptic) perception, the monocular cues of line drawings (such as perspective, superposition, hollow-out and texture) may interfere with the tactile recognition. Perspective, one of the picture features, is the most common visual monocular cue. Drawing a 3D object involves perspective and perspective features related to the object viewpoint. Visual system through perceptual learning can quickly and effectively process perspective, formed an object imagery system (involving the size, shape and texture of objects) and spatial imagery system (involving the space relation, perspective and viewpoint of objects)，and accurately identify 3D information expressed by the two-dimensional(2D) images. However, there are a few works attempting to detect whether the haptic system can recognize two-dimensional images as efficiently as the visual system and related factors, whether the tactile system is affected by object imagery system and spatial imagery system. What role does monocular cue play in haptic recognition of 2D images? In this research, two studies were conducted to investigate the factors underlying tactile recognition of 2D images and their cognitive mechanisms.
Study 1 use the drawings of common objects , to investigate the factors that influence 2D images of tactile recognition. The perceptual factors included line complexity, four visual monocular cues (perspective, hollow-out, superposition and texture). Semantic factors included shape diagnosticity, image agreement and semantic categories. Individual difference factors included manipulation experience and visual experience. The results showed that perspective was negatively correlated with blindfolded people's overall haptic recognition performance in the four visual monocular cues. However, perspective could improve the haptic recognition performance of blindfolded people in the 2D animal images. Different from the sighted people, the blind people's recognition performance was significantly negatively correlated with perspective, texture and hollow-out, and regression analysis showed that perspective would impede the blind people's recognition. Shape diagnosticity and image agreement have significant predictive effects on the visual haptic recognition of 2D images. Due to the lack of visual experience, it is difficult for the blind to rate the image consistency.
Based on Study 1, Study 2 attempted to use geometric objects unrelated to the individual's life experience and knowledge and tightly controlled haptic recognition experiments to investigate the 4 visual monocular cues(perspective, hollow-out, superposition and texture) and the role of object imagery ability and spatial imagery ability between 2D images and 3D objects in haptic recognition. The results show that p perspective, hollow-out, superposition and texture can hamper the haptic recognition of 2D images, but such negative effects are only found in 2D images matching 2D images, indicating that visual factors can affect the haptic recognition of 2D images, and object imagery ability and spatial imagery ability do not affect the haptic recognition of 2D images.
Based on previous studies, this study attempts to propose a "dual image processing model" to explain the cognitive mechanism of 2D to 3D spatial information conversion when touching 2D images. The model suggests that haptic recognition of 2D images depends on the integration of two imagery systems, object imagery system and spatial imagery system. Finally, the information of the two imagery systems is integrated, and the mapping between 2D images and 3D space is
established on the basis of the successful matching of object imagery and space imagery, and the 3D object representation in the long-term memory is accessible.
The present study aims to reveal the cognitive mechanism of haptic recognition of two-dimensional images by examining the influencing factors of haptic recognition of images and whether the haptic system can effectively recognize 2D images through perceptual learning. This study can not only help to understand the mechanism of haptic perception, but also provide theoretical guidance for the blind people to human-computer interaction and terminal in the application field. |
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