社会与工程心理学研究室知识库

孤独感作为一种常见的情绪体验，在大学生群体中尤为显著。由于身处异乡、面临学业压力、人际关系问题等多重因素，大学生往往容易感受到孤独。而孤独感不仅影响个体的心理健康，还可能对睡眠产生负面影响，导致睡眠拖延现象的出现。错失焦虑作为一种社会心理现象，与社交媒体的普及密不可分，随着社交媒体的广泛使用，大学生们越来越担心错过他人的动态和信息，这种担忧和焦虑情绪不仅影响他们的心理健康，还可能促使他们更加依赖社交媒体， 从而进一步加剧孤独感。社交媒体依赖作为一种行为倾向，已经成为当代大学 生的一种普遍现象，过度依赖社交媒体不仅会影响个体的日常生活和学习，还 可能通过影响个体的情绪状态，进而对睡眠产生负面影响。例如，社交媒体上的信息过载和负面内容可能导致个体在睡前产生焦虑情绪，从而拖延入睡时间。 然而，现有研究较少将以上因素纳入同一模型来探讨当代大学生孤独感和睡眠拖延的之间影响机制；其次，既往关于大学生孤独感的研究多集中于抑郁、焦虑等情绪，对于大学生孤独感与睡眠状态的研究也常限于睡眠质量，缺乏对当下睡眠拖延现象更进一步的研究；再次，既往类似研究多以问卷调查为主，少 有以质性研究角度的探索。故本研究的主要目的是深入探究大学生孤独感与睡眠拖延之间的关系，并揭示错失焦虑和社交媒体依赖在这一关系中可能发挥的中介作用。通过定性与定量相结合的研究方法，旨在构建理论框架，提供实证支撑，为改善大学生睡眠质量与生活品质设计科学干预。

本研究包含两个部分：研究一、采用质性研究的方法，对于 10 名存在显著睡眠拖延现象的在校大学生作为潜在访谈对象，通过一对一深入访谈，收集其关于孤独感、错失焦虑、社交媒体使用习惯和睡眠拖延行为的详细描述。利用扎根理论，对访谈资料进行编码、分类和提炼，形成理论框架，解释孤独感与睡眠拖延之间的复杂关系。研究二、采用量化研究的问卷法，以北京、厦门、武汉等三所城市，平均年龄为 21 岁的在校大学生为调查对象，通过问卷星发放问卷，回收有效问卷 584 份。数据分析，运用统计软件（如 SPSS、AMOS 等） 进行描述性统计、相关性分析、回归分析以及链式中介效应检验，揭示各变量之间的具体关系。

研究结果：研究一、（1）利用质性数据分析软件 NVivo11，采用三级编码，挖掘出 45 个开发性编码，12 个主轴性编码，4 个选择性编码。（2）构建了 “孤独感—错失焦虑—社交媒体依赖—睡眠拖延”的理论模型。研究二、（1） 孤独感对睡眠拖延具有显著影响，即孤独感越强，睡眠拖延行为越严重。（2） 孤独感与错失焦虑、社交媒体依赖及睡眠拖延之间存在显著正相关，表明孤独感越强烈越可能导致高水平的错失焦虑和社交媒体依赖，进而增加睡眠拖延的发生。（3）错失焦虑和社交媒体依赖在孤独感与睡眠拖延之间起到了链式中介 作用。具体而言，孤独感通过引发错失焦虑，进而促进社交媒体依赖，最终加剧睡眠拖延行为。

研究结论：本研究旨在探讨大学生孤独感与睡眠拖延之间的关系，并检验错失焦虑和社交媒体依赖在其中的链式中介效应。研究结果显示，孤独感不仅直接预测睡眠拖延，还通过错失焦虑和社交媒体依赖的中介作用间接影响睡眠拖延。因此，减少错失焦虑和社交媒体过度使用在缓解孤独感对睡眠拖延的负面作用中具有重要意义。

本研究的创新之处在于，首次全面剖析了孤独感、错失焦虑、社交媒体依赖与睡眠拖延间的复杂关系，并通过链式中介模型揭示了其内在联系。这不仅拓展了相关领域的研究边界，也为制定个性化干预措施提供了坚实依据。针对孤独易感群体，减少错失焦虑、调控社交媒体使用，或成为缓解睡眠拖延、提升整体福祉的有效途径。

Loneliness, as a common emotional experience, is particularly prominent among college students. Due to various factors such as being away from home, academic pressures, and interpersonal relationship issues, college students often experience loneliness. This feeling not only affects their mental health but may also have a negative impact on sleep, leading to sleep procrastination. Fear of missing out (FoMO), a social-psychological phenomenon, is closely linked to the widespread use of social media. With the extensive use of social media, college students increasingly worry about missing out on others' updates and information. This worry and anxiety not only affect their mental health but may also drive them to rely more on social media, thereby exacerbating feelings of loneliness. Social media dependency, as a behavioral tendency, has become a common phenomenon among contemporary college students. Excessive reliance on social media not only disrupts individuals' daily lives and studies but may also negatively impact sleep by influencing their emotional states. For instance, information overload and negative content on social media can induce anxiety before sleep, leading to delayed sleep onset. However, existing research rarely incorporates these factors into a single model to explore the mechanism underlying loneliness and sleep procrastination among college students. Additionally, previous studies on college students' loneliness have primarily focused on emotions such as depression and anxiety, with limited research on the relationship between loneliness and sleep, often only examining sleep quality and lacking deeper exploration of sleep procrastination. Moreover, most previous studies have relied on questionnaire surveys, with few qualitative explorations. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to delve into the relationship between loneliness and sleep procrastination among college students and to reveal the potential mediating roles of FoMO and social media dependency in this relationship. By combining qualitative and quantitative research methods, this study aims to construct a theoretical framework, provide empirical support, and design scientific interventions to improve college students' sleep quality and overall quality of life.

This study consists of two parts: Study One employs qualitative research methods, recruited 10 college students with significant sleep procrastination as potential interviewees. Through one-on-one in-depth interviews, detailed descriptions of their loneliness, FoMO, social media usage habits, and sleep procrastination behaviors were collected. Using grounded theory, the interview data was coded, categorized, and refined to form a theoretical framework explaining the complex relationship between loneliness and sleep procrastination. Study Two uses quantitative research methods, targeting college students in Beijing, Xiamen, and Wuhan with an average age of 21. Questionnaires were distributed via Wenjuanxing, and 584 valid questionnaires were collected. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and chain mediation effect testing using statistical software (such as SPSS, AMOS) to reveal the specific relationships between variables.

Research Results: Study One (1) Utilized qualitative data analysis software NVivo11, employing three-level coding to extract 45 open codes, 12 axial codes, and 4 selective codes. (2) Constructed a theoretical model of "Loneliness — FoMO —

Social Media Dependency — Sleep Procrastination." Study Two (1) Loneliness significantly impacts sleep procrastination, with stronger loneliness leading to more severe sleep procrastination behavior. (2) There is a significant positive correlation between loneliness and FoMO, social media dependency, and sleep procrastination, indicating that stronger loneliness is more likely to result in higher levels of FoMO and social media dependency, thereby increasing the occurrence of sleep procrastination. (3) FoMO and social media dependency act as chain mediators between loneliness and sleep procrastination. Specifically, loneliness triggers FoMO, which in turn promotes social media dependency, ultimately exacerbating sleep procrastination behavior.

Research Conclusion: This study aimed to explore the relationship between college students' loneliness and bedtime procrastination, and to test the serial mediating effects of fear of missing out (FoMO) and social media dependence in this relationship. The results indicated that loneliness not only directly predicted bedtime procrastination but also indirectly influenced it through the mediating roles of FoMO and social media dependence. Therefore, reducing FoMO and excessive social media use holds significant importance in mitigating the negative impact of loneliness on bedtime procrastination.

The innovation of this study lies in its comprehensive analysis of the complex relationships between loneliness, FoMO, social media dependency, and sleep procrastination, and the revelation of their internal connections through a chain mediation model. This not only expands the boundaries of related research but also provides a solid basis for developing personalized intervention measures. For individuals susceptible to loneliness, reducing FoMO and regulating social media use may become effective ways to alleviate sleep procrastination and enhance overall well-being.