健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

随着信息技术发展，尤其是短视频应用的不断普及，老年群体已经成为了互联网冲浪的重要组成部分。“银发冲浪”成为了一种全新的现象，在不断丰富老年群体的娱乐活动和生活便利的同时，也引发了很多新问题，因成瘾性使用短视频平台给婚姻关系和老年心理健康带来的冲突和伤害越来越受到大家的关注，短视频平台成瘾性使用也引发了学界的研究兴趣。婚姻满意度是老年生活幸福感的重要组成部分，一个和谐美满的婚姻，能够为老年人提供情感支持，缓解孤独感，增强生活满意度，成为他们度过暮年时光的重要基石。本研究在梳理前人的成果的基础上，通过量化研究探索短视频使用和婚姻满意度之间的关系与机制。本文 研究分为 2 个部分，整体选取的对象主要是成都市青羊区婚姻状态处于存续状态，且共同居住的城市社区夫妻，夫妻双方至少一方使用智能手机作为研究对象。为方便老年人本次问卷均为现场入户调查加少量远程电话访卷。

研究一收集到 212 份使用智能手机的老年人有效的独立问卷数据，研究主要变量为短视频使用时长和短视频成瘾性使用，短视频使用时长即一周内短视频 （仅统计抖音、快手）App 使用客观时长，短视频成瘾性使用采用短视频成瘾量表测得老年人主观评价。婚姻满意度变量采用婚姻满意度量表测量，消极情绪使用积极消极情感量表中的消极情绪分量表测得。研究一进行了短视频使用时长、短视频成瘾和婚姻满意度之间的非线性关系检验；以及短视频使用时长、短视频成瘾和婚姻满意度之间的线性关系检验。研究一的结果显示，短视频使用时长与婚姻满意度之间曲线关系不显著，短视频使用时长与消极情绪显著负性影响；与 婚姻满意度、短视频成瘾性使用显著正影响；教育水平与婚姻满意度与年龄、性别呈现显著正向影响。消极情绪在短视频使用和婚姻满意度之间起中介作用，同样消极情绪也在短视频成瘾性使用与婚姻满意度中间起到中介作用。

研究二成功访问到 264 对老年成对夫妻有效问卷数据，采用主客体互倚模型（APIM）和主客体互倚中介模型（APIMeM），探索短视频平台使用与老年人婚姻幸福之间的主客体效应以及消极情绪的主客体间接效应。研究发现了，丈夫和妻子短视频视成瘾性使用都会导致自身的消极情绪增多，从而对自身的婚姻满意度产生负性影响。但其中妻子成瘾性使用短视频平台程度还与丈夫的消极情绪正相关，而这种消极情绪又反过来对妻子的婚姻满意度产生不利影响，然而对丈夫来说短视频平台的成瘾使用只与他们自己增加的消极情绪以及降低的婚姻满意度有关。

总体而言，研究一探索了个体层面在短视频正常使用以及短视频成瘾性使用导致的婚姻满意度变化，研究二是在研究一基础上探索夫妻双方在短视频成瘾性使用下婚姻满意度影响，为进一步解释短视频成瘾性使用提供了新思路，同时增加了对立过程理论的鲜活实证。当老年群体使用短视频时长较长，但是并未增加消极情绪或者并未干扰到现实中的日常活动，则对夫妻的婚姻满意度不产生显著影响，反而会因为使用短视频平台得到广泛社会支持和娱乐作用有促进作用，这启示我们需要平衡好短视频平台的适度使用，因此本研究并不是鼓励老年人短视频平台使用得越多越好，而是在没有影响到正常生活的情况下，适度的使用时间越长，消极情绪越少婚姻满意度越高。

With the development of information technology, particularly the widespread adoption of short-video applications, the elderly have become a significant component of internet users, giving rise to a new phenomenon known as "silver surfers." While enriching their entertainment activities and improving their daily conveniences, this trend has also brought about new issues, particularly the conflicts and harm to marital relationships and elderly mental health resulting from excessive use of short-video platforms. This has sparked research interest in the phenomenon of short-video addiction. Marital satisfaction is a crucial element of elderly happiness, as a harmonious marriage provides emotional support, alleviates loneliness, and enhances life satisfaction, serving as a vital foundation for their later years. This study builds on previous research by conducting a quantitative exploration of the relationship and mechanisms between short-video usage and marital satisfaction. The research is divided into two parts, focusing primarily on married couples living in urban communities in Qingyang District, Chengdu, where at least one partner uses a smartphone. For the convenience of the elderly participants, the survey was conducted through face-to-face interviews at their homes, complemented by a small number of telephone interviews conducted remotely.

Study one collected 212 valid independent questionnaire data from elderly individuals who use smartphones. The main variables of the research included the duration of short video usage and addictive use of short videos. The duration of short video usage referred to the objective time spent on short video apps (only Douyin and Kuaishou were counted) within a week, while addictive use of short videos was measured through a short video addiction scale, which was based on subjective responses by the participants. Marital satisfaction was assessed using a marital satisfaction scale, and negative emotions were evaluated using the negative emotion subscale of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. The first part of the study examined the nonlinear relationship between the duration of short video usage, addictive use of short videos, and marital satisfaction; it also tested the linear relationships among these variables. The results showed that there was no significant curvilinear relationship between the duration of short video usage and marital satisfaction, but there was a significant negative impact of short video usage duration on negative emotions. There was a significant positive impact of short video usage duration and addictive use of short videos on marital satisfaction. Education level had a significant positive effect on marital satisfaction, as did age and gender. Negative emotions played a mediating role between short video usage and marital satisfaction, as well as between addictive use of short videos and marital satisfaction.

Study two successfully surveyed 264 pairs of elderly spouses with valid questionnaires. The Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) and the ActorPartner Interdependence Mediation Model (APIMeM) were adopted to explore the actor and partner effects of short video platform usage on marital happiness among the elderly, as well as the indirect effects via the mediating role of negative emotions. The study found that addictive use of short videos by both husbands and wives leads to an increase in their own negative emotions, which in turn negatively impacts their marital satisfaction. However, the degree of a wife's addictive use of short video platforms is also positively correlated with her husband's negative emotions, and these negative emotions in turn have an adverse effect on the wife's marital satisfaction. In contrast, for husbands, the addictive use of short video platforms is only associated with their own increased negative emotions and decreased marital satisfaction.

Overall, Study One explored changes in marital satisfaction at the individual level due to normal and addictive use of short videos. Study Two, building on the findings of Study One, examined the impact of addictive short video use on marital satisfaction among couples. This provides new insights into explaining the addictive use of short videos and adds fresh empirical evidence to the theory of opposing processes. When older adults spend longer periods using short videos but this does not increase negative emotions or interfere with daily activities in real life, it does not have a significant impact on marital satisfaction. Instead, the use of short video platforms may contribute to increased marital satisfaction by providing broad social support and entertainment. This suggests that we need to strike a balance regarding the moderate use of short video platforms. Therefore, this study is not advocating that older adults should use short video platforms more frequently but rather that, under the condition of not affecting normal life, a moderate increase in usage time can lead to fewer negative emotions and higher marital satisfaction.